CH- 26 Proliferation of Weapons and Mass Destruction Flashcards
nuclear bombs are first made by
fission compress heat and producing energy
what is enrichment
a process to seprate isotope from Uranium 235
dirty bomb who termed it and meaning
Allison 2005, when non state actors ( terrorist) might use for destruction.
‘the threat that leaves something to chance’ whose qoute
thomas schelling 1980
which two strategy did usa used against ussr for nuclear attack prevention
countervalue and counterforce
counterforce startegy
targeting ussr military and nuclear assets
countervalue strategy
targeting value driven assets like threatning to bomb mrga cities,
how non superpower state has acquired aresenal and their strategy
1 ) catalyse to third party intervention 2) retaliation to nucler attack 3) assymetrical escalation to nuclear attack
IAEA formed on
29 July 1957
north korea nuclear programme
1994 agreed framework in return of closing yeongbyu station but for 2 Light water reactors and fuel oil .BUT it stopped due to delays in process and nk started nuclear action
Iran nuclear programme
Iran nuclear programme started in atome for pece eisenhower peech IAEA formation . Iran faile to declare it enrichment activities . other superpower agreed to stop nuclear activities. but then iran and other superpower 2015 JCPOA
chemical weapons around the world
Germany after ww1; Saddam Hussein on ( Mustard gas and sarin) on Kuwait civilians in iraq; Aum Shinrikyo sarin gas on Tokyo subway 1995;
Chemical weapons convention signed on and by how many countries
1997 by 193 m3mbers
biological warfare incidents
USA 2001 sent anthrax spores in 2001
Nuclear opacity/ nuclear ambiguity/ Bombs at the basement
Isreal policy of not showing or denying nuclear activities
Bombs in the basement approach
sme israel nuclear policy they haven’t signed the npt but haven’t practice any nuclear test.
Latent nuclear capacity
country which possesses the infrastructure, capacities
Nina Tannewald wrote the book
The nuclear Taboo
The Nuclear taboo
Nina TAnnewald
what is waltz -Sagan Debate
kenneth Waltz think more nuclear weapons would create stable world .BUT Scott Sagan think less nuclear state is god because weaker state are sesitive to issue and may
Horizontal proliferation
spread of nuc;ear weapons to new countries
Vertical Proliferation
increase in the amount of arsenals
Partial Test Ban Treaty What was it and who signed it
UK, USSR, US 1963 allowing only underground nuclear testa rather than outer space, underwater,
which country didn’t sign the PTBT and why?
France and China because they recently 1963 tested their nuclearweapons. thought this treaty is for advantaged state who already had tested nuclear weapon
Tlatelolco Treaty 1967
Latin America free zone
Zangger Committee 1970
Guideline to apply IAEA safeguards to nuclear exports
When and Why NSG was formed
India practised in 1974 the nuclear test Smiling buddha 1st attempt
Thomas grham and his description of NPT
Diplomat of US and called NPT as BArgain Focused on three things, peacful use, non roliferation. Eventual disarmament
NPT formed in
1968 effective on 1970
killed a dragon only to be found in jungle full of poisonous snakes
James Woolsey 1998 CIA director
UN RES 1540 What is it and when introduced
asked states in 2004 to prohibit the use of nuclear weapons
