CH 26 Flashcards
A mineral is?
Naturally occurring, inorganic solid and crystaline form
what are the two most abundant elements in earths crust?
Silicon and Oxygen
What does inorganic mean?
Materials that are nonliving
What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?
Minerals break, how hard it is, and what type of crystal shape it has
What are all of the ways to identify minerals?
Luster, streak, atomic arrangement, cleavage, fracture, hardness, and crystal shape
What are the two types of luster?
Metallic and nonmetallic
How does metallic luster reflect light?
Very easily like a chrome/ metal surface
How does nonmetallic luster reflect light?
Doesn’t reflect easily, like glass
How do you perform a streak test?
rubbing a mineral on an unglazed porcelain tile
What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?
Cleavage and fracture
What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?
Mohs scale of hardness
What is the number range on mohs scale of hardness?
1-10
How many different crystal shape systems are there?
There are 6 crystal shape systems
Minerals grow from the?
minerals grow from the inside out
What are the 3 ways minerals can form?
from hot water, molten rock and evaporation
What are the two mineral groups?
Silicates and non silicates
Which mineral group is the most abundant Earths crust?
Silicate minerals
What element are Silica made up of?
Nonsilicats do not contain what element?
silicon
What mineral is used to make glass?
Quartz
Define rock
A rock is a naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragment, and volcanic glass.
How are rocks identified?
composition and texture
What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock?
The texture of a rock describes the size, shape, and arrangement of the rocks components.
Where do intrusive igneous rocks form?
Within earths crust
What type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rock from from?
Magma
What is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals?
Bowen’s reaction series
What are the 3 types of magma?
Mafic, Intermediate, and Felsic
Which magma type has a low silica content?
Mafic
Which magma type has a high silica content?
Felsic
Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz?
oceanic or continental
Which type of crust has little to no quartz?
oceanic crust or deep continental
Which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture?
Intrusive igneous rocks
Which type of igneous rock has fine grained texture?
Because of how slowly it cools
Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?
Quickly
What are the two specific texture type of extrusive igneous rock?
vesicular and porphyritic
Which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?
Vesicular
Which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates?
What type of rock has a vesicular (holey) texture?
pumice
