27.3 & 27.4

Question 1

Infiltration

Answer 1

Process by which water enters earth and becomes groundwater, controlled by topography, surface materials, and type and amount of vegetation.

Question 2

Water table

Answer 2

The upper boundary of the saturated zone in an aquifer.

Question 3

Aquifer

Answer 3

Rock unit that can store water and transfer it through its pore space.

Question 4

porosity

Answer 4

Percentage of a materials total volume of pore space, calculated by dividing total volume of pore space by the total volume of the material.

Question 5

Absolute dating

Answer 5

Process of assigning a numerical age to organisms, objects or events.

Question 6

Relative dating

Answer 6

process of placing objects or events in order in time according to which occurred or formed first, second, and so on.

Question 7

uniformitarianism

Answer 7

states that the law of nature operate today as they have in the past.

Question 8

Principle of superposition

Answer 8

states that in an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rock layers, the youngest rock will be at the top and the oldest will be at the bottom.

Question 9

unconformity

Answer 9

Gap in the rock record representing a time during with exposed rock was eroded before new layers were deposited.

Question 10

fossil

Answer 10

Remains or traces of ancient organisms found in the geologic rock record.

Question 11

What percentage of water on earth is salt water?

Answer 11

97%

Question 12

What percentage of water on earth is freshwater?

Answer 12

3%

Question 13

Where is the majority of freshwater found?

Answer 13

Majority is found in glaciers

Question 14

Where is the smaller percentage of freshwater found?

Answer 14

Lakes, rivers, and ground water

Question 15

What is precipitation?

Answer 15

Rain, snow, sleet, and hail

Question 16

What is runoff?

Answer 16

Water runs off land surface

Question 17

What is infiltration?

Answer 17

Water enters earth and becomes groundwater

Question 18

What is transpiration?

Answer 18

When plants release water vapor into the atmosphere

Question 19

What is evaporation?

Answer 19

When water enters the atmosphere as water vapor

Question 20

What is condensation?

Answer 20

When water vapor collides with other water molecules

Question 21

What is the water cycle?

Answer 21

Where freshwater moves from the land to the atmosphere and back to the land

Question 22

What is an unsaturated zone for groundwater storage?

Answer 22

A porous area where water easily passes through

Question 23

What is a saturated zone for groundwater storage?

Answer 23

Beneath the unsaturated zone, where water completely fills the pore space

Question 24

What is a water table?

Answer 24

The upper boundary of the saturated zone

Question 25

What does it mean if sediment is permeable?

Answer 25

The more permeable it is the easier for water to pass through it

Question 26

What is an aquifer?

Answer 26

A rock unit that can transfer water through its pore space

Question 27

What is the name of the great plains aquifer?

Answer 27

Ogallala aquifer

Question 28

How many states does the great plain aquifer run through?

Answer 28

8 states

Question 29

What are the names of the states that the great plains aquifer runs through?

Answer 29

South Dakota, Wyoming, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas

Question 30

What is an aquitard?

Answer 30

Layer that doesn’t let water pass through

Question 31

How are water springs formed?

Answer 31

Springs form where the water table naturally meets earths surface

Question 32

What is an artesian well?

Answer 32

Drill into pressurized aquifer

Question 33

What is a cone of depression?

Answer 33

Where the water flows is a direction down toward the well