ch. 26 Flashcards
naturally occurring inorganic solids with a crystalline form
mineral
color powder of a mineral
streak
mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallwl sides
cleavage
minerals that brake with irregular surfaces exhibit
fracture
phyiscal propity that mesures a mineral’s resistance to scraching
hardness
molten rock materail inside earth
magma
a mineral is blank blank blank
naturlly occuring, inorganic solid, crystalline form
what are the two most abundant elements that make up earths crust?
silicon, oxygen
what dose inorganci mean?
non living materials
what does the arrangment of an atom and the bords between them reflect about a mineral
minerals break, how hard, what shap it takes
what are all of the ways to idenify minerals
luster,hardness,streak,clevage fracture,atomic arrangment, cristal shape
what are the two types of luster
metallic, nonmetallic
how does metallic luster reflect light
esaly like metal nonmetallic apers waxy
how do you preform a streak test
my rubbing a mineral on a ungllazed sufec
what are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals
cleavage, fracture
what is the nubmer range on mohs scale of hardness
1-10
how many different crystal shape systems are there
6
minerals grow from the blank
inside out
what are the 3 ways minerals can form
molten rock, hot water, evapration
what are the two minerals gourps
silicates, non silicates
which minerals group is the most abundate in earths crust
silicates
what eliments are silcates made up of
silicon, oxigyn
nonsilicates do not contain what elemants
silicon
what minerals is used to make glass
quartz
How are rocks idenified?
composition, and texture
igneous rocks are formed within earths crust is called?
intrusive igneous rocks
what might happen when magma psses through rock?
partial meating of rock it intrudes
what is the first minerals that crystallize when magma is high?
olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase feldspar
less dense minerals like ? ? ? solidfy at lower temperatures and float to the top of the magma chamber?
potassium, feldspar, quartz
define clasts
Such small rock and mineral fragments
what types of erosion are rocks on Earths surface exposed to?
water, wind, and other forces
what does it mean if clasts are being transported?
weathering processes break down rocks into smaller clasts
what does it mean if c;asts are being deposited?
become rounded
define pore space
The empty space in between the grains
define compaction
clasts stick together due to the weight of overlying material
define cementation
Minerals precipitate slowly out of a water solution and crystallize in the spaces between clasts
how are sedimentary rocks formed?
composition
what is another name for clasts
what are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts?
what is the decreasing sixe of clasts?
which clasts size would be deposited first?
what are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks?
how are chemical sedimentary rocks formed?
if sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called
biochemical sedimentary rocks
what are 2 common boichemical sedimentary rocks?
what are the 3 types of sedimentary rock?
Metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which 3 things?
heat, pressure, chemical reactions
which types of rock can be changed by metamorphism?
Metamorphic, sedimentary, and igneous
what is called when metamorphic changesin rocks occur over large areas?
regional metamorphism
what is called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over small changes?
contact metamorphism
when shale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created?
Slate
what are two types of metamorphic rock textures?
foliated and non foliated
define folizated texture
rocks have crystals that are arranged in layers and bands.
define nonfoliated texture
rocks have crystals with more random orientations
metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on which two things?
texture and composition
define rock cycle
continual changing of rocks from one type to another
which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle?
sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic
what are 3 types of rock?
sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic
which types of rocks form frommolten rocks?
ingneous
which types of rocks are formed from clasts, precipition, or compressed once living matter?
sedimentry
which types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, and chemical reations?
metimorphic
what can form from hot water, evaporation, or molten rock?
minerals
