Ch 25.3 & 25.4

Question 1

what is the boundary that marks a density change between layers

Answer 1

discontiuity

Question 2

how are discontinuities identified?

Answer 2

by using seismic waves

Question 3

what are shadow zones?

Answer 3

an are

a where no seismic waves are recorded

Question 4

what is another term for shadow zones

Answer 4

dead zone

Question 5

between what degrees do shadow zones fall?

Answer 5

105-140

Question 6

is the outer core a solid or a liquid?

Answer 6

liquid

Question 7

is the inner core a solid or liquid

Answer 7

solid

Question 8

what makes up the lithosphere?

Answer 8

the crust and uppermost mantle

Question 9

what is the asthenosphere?

Answer 9

a plastic like layer which earth’s plates move

Question 10

what elements make up the mantle?

Answer 10

calcium, aluminum

Question 11

which elements make up the core?

Answer 11

iron, magnesium

Question 12

the measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow

Answer 12

viscosity

Question 13

the chemical compound silicon dioxide, SiO2, which is a common ingredient in most magma

Answer 13

silica

Question 14

tend to be small, have heights in the hundreds of meters range, and have short eruption cycles

Answer 14

cinder cone volcanoes

Question 15

broad,flat structures composed of layer upon layer of lava flows

Answer 15

shield volcanoes

Question 16

large and steep-sided, often thousands of meters high and tens of kilometers across the base, and composed of layers of both lava and ash

Answer 16

composite volcanoes

Question 17

what is molten, or liquid rock stored inside earth is called

Answer 17

magma

Question 18

where is the ring of fire located?

Answer 18

pacific ocean

Question 19

what are 2 specific locations where volcanic activity occurs due to divergents?

Answer 19

East African Rift and Mid-Atlantic ridge

Question 20

are hotspots stationary?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

if magma has a high viscosity will it contain more or less silica

Answer 21

more

Question 22

what is pyroclastic material

Answer 22

any solid material that erupts from a volcano

Question 23

what is the smallest type of pyroclastic matrial

Answer 23

volcanic ash

Question 24

what is the largest type of pyroclastic material

Answer 24

blocks and bombs

Question 25

what are the types of gases that erupt from a volcano

Answer 25

water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide

Question 26

how are volcano’s classified?

Answer 26

according to their size, shape, and the materials that erupt from them

Question 27

what are the 3 types of volcanoes

Answer 27

cinder cone, shield, composite