CH 24 Fluid Therapy And Transfusion Medicine Flashcards
The body is made up of approximately ____% water
60
Why are fluids used ?
To replace what has been lost, to replace what is being lost, or to keep up with the basic physiologic need for water when the patient can’t for itself
TWD=
Total body water
ICF=
Intracellular fluid
ECF=
Extracellular fluid
ISF =
Interstitial fluid
IVF =
intravascular fluid
Solutions that contain various electrolytes in water and are further characterized on the basis of their osmolality compared with osmolality of blood
Crystalloid solutions
Fluids that have osmolality less than that of blood and by definition provide water in greater proportion than electrolytes
Hypotonic fluid
What are some examples of hypotonic fluids
0.45% NaCL
A solution that has an osmolality approximately equal to that of blood and provide water in equal proportion to electrolytes.
Isotonic crystalloids
What are some examples of isotonic crystalloids
0.9 % NaCL normal saline, LRS, Normasol R
What are some examples of hypertonic crystalloids
3 and 7% NaCL
Solutions that have an osmolality greater than that of blood and provide electrolytes in greater proportion that water
Hypertonic crystalloids
A therapeutic application of fluids can be used for treatment of head trauma or traumatic brain injury
Hypertonic crystalloid solution
Solutions that contain high molecular weight molecules suspended in an isotonic crystalloid
Colloid solution
Phase of fluid therapy, aimed at restoration of vascular volume in an effort to reserve hypovolemia and/or a shock state
Resuscitation Phase
Phase of fluid therapy, involves correction of dehydration, replacement of ongoing losses, and provision of maintenance fluid requirements
Replacement Phase
It is generally assumed that fluid losses are ____________ in nature (V, D, blood loss, ect)
Isotonic
Meant to supply the basic physiologic need for water lost through urine, the GI system, and insensible loss.
Maintenance Rate
Phase of fluid therapy, once dehydrated has been corrected and there are no ongoing losses any longer, the patient can be moved the the _____ phase of fluid therapy
Maintenance Phase
What are the possible route of fluid administration in small animals
IV, SQ, IO, PO
Can be added to fluids with patients seen with hypokalemia (GI losses, chronic renal failure, cushings disease, dialysis)
Potassium
Can be added into fluids with patients that are hypoglycemic ( neonates/juveniles, starvation, hepatic insufficiency, Addisons disease)
Dextrose
If dextrose is added to fluids what should be done
A BG should be checked
Needs to be diluted 1:1
Can be added to fluids for treatment of metabolic acidosis (diabetic, ketoacidosis, renal failure). Temporary improvement in the acid base balance
Sodium bicarbonate
The biggest concern in fluid administration?
Excessive quantity causing volume overload
A patient may need a blood transfusion especially when blood loss is estimated to be greater than ___% of blood volume
30%
A blood transfusion may be necessary if PCV drops to or below __to__%
12-15
____ will decrease before ____ in dogs
TP , PCV
Platelet transfusions are necessary for patients with
Severe thrombocytopenia, life threatening hemorrhage, or surgical interventions.
Plasma transfusions are necessary for treatment of
coagulopathy, hypoalbuminemia, and failure of passive transfer of immunity in large neonates
