CH 24 Fluid Therapy And Transfusion Medicine

Question 1

The body is made up of approximately ____% water

Answer 1

60

Question 2

Why are fluids used ?

Answer 2

To replace what has been lost, to replace what is being lost, or to keep up with the basic physiologic need for water when the patient can’t for itself

Question 3

TWD=

Answer 3

Total body water

Question 4

ICF=

Answer 4

Intracellular fluid

Question 5

ECF=

Answer 5

Extracellular fluid

Question 6

ISF =

Answer 6

Interstitial fluid

Question 7

IVF =

Answer 7

intravascular fluid

Question 8

Solutions that contain various electrolytes in water and are further characterized on the basis of their osmolality compared with osmolality of blood

Answer 8

Crystalloid solutions

Question 9

Fluids that have osmolality less than that of blood and by definition provide water in greater proportion than electrolytes

Answer 9

Hypotonic fluid

Question 10

What are some examples of hypotonic fluids

Answer 10

0.45% NaCL

Question 11

A solution that has an osmolality approximately equal to that of blood and provide water in equal proportion to electrolytes.

Answer 11

Isotonic crystalloids

Question 12

What are some examples of isotonic crystalloids

Answer 12

0.9 % NaCL normal saline, LRS, Normasol R

Question 13

What are some examples of hypertonic crystalloids

Answer 13

3 and 7% NaCL

Question 14

Solutions that have an osmolality greater than that of blood and provide electrolytes in greater proportion that water

Answer 14

Hypertonic crystalloids

Question 15

A therapeutic application of fluids can be used for treatment of head trauma or traumatic brain injury

Answer 15

Hypertonic crystalloid solution

Question 16

Solutions that contain high molecular weight molecules suspended in an isotonic crystalloid

Answer 16

Colloid solution

Question 17

Phase of fluid therapy, aimed at restoration of vascular volume in an effort to reserve hypovolemia and/or a shock state

Answer 17

Resuscitation Phase

Question 18

Phase of fluid therapy, involves correction of dehydration, replacement of ongoing losses, and provision of maintenance fluid requirements

Answer 18

Replacement Phase

Question 19

It is generally assumed that fluid losses are ____________ in nature (V, D, blood loss, ect)

Answer 19

Isotonic

Question 20

Meant to supply the basic physiologic need for water lost through urine, the GI system, and insensible loss.

Answer 20

Maintenance Rate

Question 21

Phase of fluid therapy, once dehydrated has been corrected and there are no ongoing losses any longer, the patient can be moved the the _____ phase of fluid therapy

Answer 21

Maintenance Phase

Question 22

What are the possible route of fluid administration in small animals

Answer 22

IV, SQ, IO, PO

Question 23

Can be added to fluids with patients seen with hypokalemia (GI losses, chronic renal failure, cushings disease, dialysis)

Answer 23

Potassium

Question 24

Can be added into fluids with patients that are hypoglycemic ( neonates/juveniles, starvation, hepatic insufficiency, Addisons disease)

Answer 24

Dextrose

Question 25

If dextrose is added to fluids what should be done

Answer 25

A BG should be checked Needs to be diluted 1:1

Question 26

Can be added to fluids for treatment of metabolic acidosis (diabetic, ketoacidosis, renal failure). Temporary improvement in the acid base balance

Answer 26

Sodium bicarbonate

Question 27

The biggest concern in fluid administration?

Answer 27

Excessive quantity causing volume overload

Question 28

A patient may need a blood transfusion especially when blood loss is estimated to be greater than ___% of blood volume

Answer 28

30%

Question 29

A blood transfusion may be necessary if PCV drops to or below __to__%

Answer 29

12-15

Question 30

____ will decrease before ____ in dogs

Answer 30

TP , PCV

Question 31

Platelet transfusions are necessary for patients with

Answer 31

Severe thrombocytopenia, life threatening hemorrhage, or surgical interventions.

Question 32

Plasma transfusions are necessary for treatment of

Answer 32

coagulopathy, hypoalbuminemia, and failure of passive transfer of immunity in large neonates