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HIM 361 > Ch. 22 Psychiatry > Flashcards

Ch. 22 Psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

Psychiatry

A

treatment of the mind

with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illness

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2
Q

Psychiatrists

A

MD’s (Medical Doctor)

went to medical school, completed and internship

sped years in training and practicing psychotherapy and psychopharamcology

complete 4 years of residency then extra years of fellowship training to specialize in various aspects of psychiatry

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3
Q

What do child psychiatrists specialize in?

A

the treatment of children

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4
Q

What do forensic psychiatrists specialize in?

A

the legal aspects of psychiatry; to determine whether someone is mentally competent to stand trial

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5
Q

What area does a psychiatrist require specialized training?

A

psychoanalysis

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6
Q

Psychology

A

study of the mind

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7
Q

Psychologists

A

have a PhD

get a bachelors, maters, then a doctorate in Psychology

more of an academic degree

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8
Q

What area is most of the work done by psychologists in?

A

research and counseling

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9
Q

Are psychologists medical or non-medical?

A

non-medical

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10
Q

What can psychologists further specialize in where they would work in a clinical setting in a hospital or outpatient treatment facility, where they would work with psychiatrists to try and treat patients?

A

clinical psychology

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11
Q

What other 2 areas can psychologists work in?

A

experimental research where they can do research in the area of psychology

social psychology where they can look at social interaction and behavior

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12
Q

What else can a clinical psychologist do?

A

clinical psychologists can use psychotherapy to treat patients

psychiatrists can prescribe medications

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13
Q

What are 2 things a clinical psychologist cannot do?

A

prescribe medications
perform ECT (electroconvulsive shock therapy)

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14
Q

What are clinical psychologists trained with?

A

using various tools in regards to learning more about a patient’s mental health and intelligence

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15
Q

What are 4 tests a clinical psychologists can use?

A

2 IQ Test
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Standford-Binet Intelligence Scale

2 Personality Tests
Rorschach Technique
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

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16
Q

Rorschach Technique

A

uses ink blots
10 cards that contain ink blots and the patient describes what they see in the ink blots

psychologists is looking for a pattern in the patient’s responses to help determine what’s on their mind

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17
Q

Amnesia

A

loss of memory

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17
Q

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A

uses pictures where the patient would make up stories

ask patient to tell a story that the picture illustrates

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18
Q

Anxiety

A

varying degrees of uneasiness, apprehension, or dread often accompanied by palpitations, tightness in the chest, breathlessness, and chocking sensations

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19
Q

Apathy

A

an absence of emotions; lack of interest, emotional involvement, or motivation

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20
Q

Compulsion

A

the uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly

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21
Q

Conversion

A

when anxiety becomes bodily symptom; in severe cases a patient may experience blindness, deafness, or paralysis that does not have a physical basis

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22
Q

Delusion

A

a fixed false belief that can’t be changed by logical reasoning or evidence

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23
Q

What is an example of a delusion?

A

when someone believes something that is not true, and you can’t change their mind

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24
Q

Dissociation

A

when uncomfortable feelings are separated from their real object, to avoid mental distress, the feelings are redirected toward a second object or behavior pattern

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25
Q

Dysphoria

A

a condition of carrying bad things, sadness, hopelessness; depressive mood or feeling “low”

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26
Q

Euphoria

A

an exaggerated feeling of well-being “high”, whether chemically or mentally induced

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27
Q

Hallucination

A

a false or unreal sensory perception

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28
Q

What is an example of a hallucination?

A

hearing voices when none are present

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29
Q

What can cause hallucinations?

A

mental illness, drugs

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30
Q

Illusion

A

a false perception of an actual sensory stimulus

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31
Q

Labile

A

variable; undergoing rapid emotional change

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32
Q

What is an example of a labile?

A

crying one minute, laughing the next

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33
Q

Mania

A

elation or irritability, associated with distractibility, hyperactivity, talkativeness, injudicious acts, flight of ideas, and racing thoughts

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34
Q

Mutism

A

a non-reactive state with the inability to speak

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35
Q

Obsession

A

an involuntary, persistent idea or emotion

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36
Q

Pyromania

A

an obsession with fire

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37
Q

Paranoia

A

overly suspicious system of thinking; fixed delusion that one is being harassed persecuted, or unfairly treated

feeling like a victim

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38
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

work in the area of personality and came to understand and determine that the personality is made up of 3 parts

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39
Q

What are the 3 parts that Sigmund Freud determined makes up someone’s personality?

A

Id
Ego
Superego

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40
Q

Id

A

unconscious instincts and psychic energy present from birth

basic drives that are operating according to the pleasure principle

seek immediate gratification regardless of the reality of the situation

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41
Q

Ego

A

central coordinating branch of the personality

mediator between the id and the outside whole

deals with reality and postpones the gratification of a need or drive until a satisfactory object of situation arises

perceived as being “self” by the individual

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42
Q

Superego

A

internalized conscience and moral part of the personality

encompasses the send of discipline derived from parental authority and society

where you would have guilt feelings that would arise from behavior and thoughts that do not conform to the standards of the superego

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43
Q

Psychosis

A

used to describe mental illness

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44
Q

What factors does psychosis involve?

A

significant impairment of reality testing, severe mental illness where you would have symptoms of delusions (false beliefs), hallucinations (false sensory perceptions), and bizarre behavior

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45
Q

What would be an example of a psychoses and describe it?

A

Schizophrenic disorder

a disturbed sense of self, inappropriate affect (emotional reactions), and withdrawal from the external world

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46
Q

Anxiety disorder

A

the experience of unpleasent tension, distress, troubled feelings, and avoidance behavior

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47
Q

Panic attack

A

period of intense fear or discomfort in which symptoms develop abruptly and reach a peak within 10 minutes

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48
Q

Panic Disorder

A

condition characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks and persistent concern about having another panic attack in between episodes

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49
Q

Phobic Disorder

A

irrational or debilitating fears associated with a specific object or situation

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50
Q

Agoraphobia

A

fear of being in open, crowded, public places from which escape would be difficult or in which help might not be available; going out alone in “unsafe” places

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51
Q

Social phobia (social anxiety disorder)

A

fear of situations in which the affected person is open to public scrutiny; could result in possible embarrassment and humiliation

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52
Q

What is an example of a Social phobia (social anxiety disorder)?

A

fear may focus on speaking in public, using public restrooms, or eating in public

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53
Q

Claustrophobia

A

fear of closed-in spaces

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54
Q

Acrophobia

A

fear of heights

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55
Q

Zoophobia

A

fear of animals

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56
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A

recurrent thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive acts (compulsions) that dominate the patient’s life

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57
Q

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A

development of symptoms (intense fear, helplessness, insomnia, nightmares, and diminished responsiveness to the external world) following exposure to a traumatic event

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58
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

A

characterized by chronic anxiety and exaggerated worry and tensions even when there is little or nothing to provoke such feelings

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59
Q

Bipolar disorders

A

characterized by one or more manic episodes alternating with depressive episodes

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60
Q

Manic episode

A

period during which the predominant mood is excessively elevated or irritable

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61
Q

What are some associated symptoms with bipolar disorders?

A

inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, rapid speech with quick changes of topic, distractibility, and excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high or painful consequence

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62
Q

Hypomania

A

mood resembling mania, but lesser intensity

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63
Q

Bipolar disorder I

A

one or more manic episodes, often alternating with major depressive episodes

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64
Q

Bipolar disorder II

A

recurrent major depressive episodes alternating with hypomanic episodes

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65
Q

Cyclothymic disorder

A

mild form of bipolar disorder by at least 2 years of numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet the criteria for mania and depressive symptoms do not meet the criteria for a major depressive disorder

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66
Q

Depressive Disorder

A

marked by the occurrence of one or more major depressive episodes without a history of mania or hypomania

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67
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A

episodes of severe dysphoria (sadness, hopelessness, worry discouragement)

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68
Q

What are some other symptoms of major depressive disorder?

A

appetite disturbances and changes in weight, sleep disorders, fatigue or low energy, feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, or excessive or inappropriate guilt, difficulty thinking or concentrating, and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide

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69
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder (dysthymia)

A

a depressive disorder involving depressed mood (feeling sad or “down in the dumps”) persists over a 2 year period but is not as severe as major depression

70
Q

Are psychotic features found in Major Depressive Disorder or Persistent Depressive Disorder?

A

Major Depressive Disorder

71
Q

What relationship have researchers noted between which depression and a particular period of the year

A

the onset of an episode of depressive disorder and the winter time called Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

72
Q

Dissociative Disorder

A

condition involving breakdown in memory, identity, or perception

escape reality through amnesia or alternate identities

73
Q

Eating Disorders

A

severe disturbances in eating behavior

74
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

characterized by refusal to maintain a minimal normal body weight

so afraid of gaining weight, they just don’t eat

75
Q

Anorexia

A

lack of appetite

76
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

characterized by binge eating (uncontrolled indulgence in food) followed by purging (eliminating food from the body)

77
Q

bulimia

A

abnormal increase in hunger

78
Q

Neurocognitive Disorders

A

marked by disturbances in cognition (thinking, perception, reason, and judgement)

79
Q

What are the primary features of neurocognitive disorders?

A

Delirium and Dementia

80
Q

Delirium

A

acute episodes of confused thinking, disorientation, and behavioral changes, such as agitation and fear

81
Q

How is delirium caused?

A

drug intoxication or withdrawal, seizures or head trauma, and metabolic disturbances

82
Q

Delirium tremors (DT’s)

A

brought on by stopping alcohol consumption suddenly after prolonged periods of heavy alcohol ingestion

83
Q

Dementia

A

progressive loss of intellectual abilities such as judgement, memory, reasoning, and changes in personality

84
Q

What are some other symptoms of dementia?

A

difficulty with language and with simple acts like dressing or brushing teeth

85
Q

What is the most common cause of dementia?

A

Alzheimer Disease

86
Q

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

A

a group of childhood disorders characterized by delays in the development of socialization and communication skills

87
Q

Autism spectrum disorders (autism)

A

usually evident during the first 3 years of life

88
Q

What is autism characterized by?

A

difficulties in verbal and nonverbal communication and in social play interactions

89
Q

Asperger Syndrome

A

referred to as a less severe type of autism

90
Q

What is Asperger syndrome characterized by?

A

normal language skills and normal intelligence, usually want to interact with others but don’t know how to do it

91
Q

Personality Disorder

A

enduring pattern of thinking and behaving contrary to what is culturally acceptable

92
Q

When do personality disorders first become evident and what do they typically lead to?

A

early adulthood and leads to distress or conflict with others

93
Q

What are the Cluster A personality disorders?

A

Paranoid and Schizoid

94
Q

Paranoid

A

pattern of distrust and suspiciousness so that motives of others are interpreted as malicious; quick to take offense

95
Q

Schizoid

A

pattern of detachment from social relationships with restricted range of emotions; cold, aloof, and indifferent to the feelings of others

96
Q

What are the Cluster B personality disorders?

A

Antisocial
Borderline
Histrionic
Narcissistic

97
Q

Antisocial

A

pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others

98
Q

Borderline

A

pattern of instability and interpersonal relationships and sense of self

99
Q

Histrionic

A

pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking

100
Q

Narcissistic

A

pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy

101
Q

What are the Cluster C personality disorders?

A

Obsessive-compulsive

102
Q

Obsessive compulsive

A

pattern of orderliness, perfectionism, and control

103
Q

Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

A

chronic psychoses marked by disturbed thinking and disorganized speech

104
Q

Disorganized thinking (speech)

A

person may switch from one topic to another resulting in incoherent speech

105
Q

Abnormal motor behavior

A

involuntary movements and mannerisms from childlike “silliness” to unpredictable agitation

106
Q

Negative symptoms

A

flatness of affect (diminished emotional expression) and unwillingness to initiate purposeful activities

107
Q

Sexual dysfunctions

A

disturbances in a person’s ability to respond sexually or to experience sexual pleasure

108
Q

Paraphilias

A

characterized by recurrent, intense, sexual urges, fantasies or behaviors that involve sexual objects, activities, or situations

109
Q

Exhinitionism

A

compulsive need to expose one’s body, particularly the genitals, to an unsuspecting stranger

110
Q

Fetishism

A

use of nonliving objects (articles of clothing) as substitutes for a human sexual love object

111
Q

Pedophilia

A

sexual urges and fantasies involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child (13 yrs old or younger)

112
Q

Somatic Symptom Disorders

A

patient’s mental conflicts are expressed as physical symptoms

113
Q

What are some somatic symptom disorder physical symptoms?

A

abdominal pain, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, palpitations, deafness, blindness, and paralysis

114
Q

Illness Anxiety Disorder

A

a preoccupation with having or acquiring a severe illness

115
Q

Conversion Disorder

A

marked by specific neurologic signs or symptoms (numbness, paralysis, or blindness) with no actual, organic basis

symptoms are the result of anxiety and unconscious inner conflict

116
Q

Substance-related and addictive disorders

A

characterized by symptoms and behavioral changes associated with regular use or discontinuation of substances that affect the CNS

117
Q

Psychological dependence

A

a compulsion to continue taking a drug despite adverse consequences

118
Q

Physiologic dependence

A

the onset of withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued abrutly

119
Q

What is a significant feature of physiologic dependence?

A

tolerance

120
Q

Tolerance

A

declining effect of the drug so that the dose must be increased to give the same effect

can be with alcohol and narcotic drugs

121
Q

What are the major therapeutic techniques that are used to treat psychiatric disorders?

A

psychotherapy
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
drug therapy (psychopharmacology)

122
Q

Psychotherapy

A

treatment of emotional problems and disorders using psychological techniques

123
Q

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

A

applying an electrical current to the brain while the patient is under anesthesia with assisted ventilation

trying to convulse the patients

124
Q

When is ECT chiefly used?

A

serious depression

the depressive phase of bipolar disorder

125
Q

Antianxiety and antipanic agents

A

used to lessen anxiety, tension, and agitation, associated with panic attacke

126
Q

Antidepressants

A

gradually reverse depression symptoms and return patient to a more even state, less persistent and less severe depressive symptoms

127
Q

Anti-obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

agents are prescribed to relieve the symptoms of OCD

128
Q

Antipsychotics

A

suppress psychotic symptoms and behavior

129
Q

Mood stabilizers

A

used primarily to treat patients with mood changes associated with bipolar disorder

130
Q

Hypnotics

A

used to produce sleep and relieve insomnia

131
Q

Stimulants

A

prescribed for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and to a lesser extent, adults

132
Q

anxi/o

A

uneasy, anxious, distressed

133
Q

aut/o

A

self

133
Q
A
134
Q

hallucin/o

A

hallucination, to wander in the mind

135
Q

hypn/o

A

sleep

136
Q

iatr/o

A

treatment

137
Q

ment/o

A

mind

138
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

139
Q

phil/o

A

attraction to love

140
Q

phren/o

A

mind

141
Q

psych/o

A

mind

142
Q

schiz/o

A

spilt

143
Q

schizophrenia

A

condition of a spilt mind

144
Q

somat/o

A

body

145
Q

psychosomatic

A

pertaining to mind and body

146
Q

-genic

A

produced by

147
Q

-leptic

A

to seize hold of

148
Q

-mania

A

obsessive preoccupation

149
Q

-phobia

A

fear (irrational and often disabling)

150
Q

-phoria

A

feeling, bearing

151
Q

-thymia

A

mind

152
Q

a-

A

no,not

153
Q

an-

A

no,not

154
Q

cata-

A

down

155
Q

hypo-

A

deficient, less than, below

156
Q

para-

A

abnormal

157
Q

AD

A

Alzheimer disease (form of dementia

158
Q

ADHD

A

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

159
Q

CA

A

chronological age

160
Q

MA

A

mental age (as determined by psychological test)

161
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system

162
Q

DT

A

delirium tremens

163
Q

ECT

A

electroconvulsive therapy

164
Q

IQ

A

IQ test

165
Q

What IQ test score is the average person considered to have?

A

between 90 and 110

166
Q

What score is considered mentally retarded?

A

below 70

167
Q

OCD

A

obsessive compulsive disorder

168
Q

PTSD

A

post-traumatic stress disorder

169
Q

SAD

A

seasonal affective disorder

170
Q

TAT

A

Thematic Apperception Test

171
Q

WAIS

A

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

HIM 361 (4 decks)

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