Ch. 22 Psychiatry Flashcards
1
Q
Psychiatry
A
treatment of the mind
with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illness
2
Q
Psychiatrists
A
MD’s (Medical Doctor)
went to medical school, completed and internship
sped years in training and practicing psychotherapy and psychopharamcology
complete 4 years of residency then extra years of fellowship training to specialize in various aspects of psychiatry
3
Q
What do child psychiatrists specialize in?
A
the treatment of children
4
Q
What do forensic psychiatrists specialize in?
A
the legal aspects of psychiatry; to determine whether someone is mentally competent to stand trial
5
Q
What area does a psychiatrist require specialized training?
A
psychoanalysis
6
Q
Psychology
A
study of the mind
7
Q
Psychologists
A
have a PhD
get a bachelors, maters, then a doctorate in Psychology
more of an academic degree
8
Q
What area is most of the work done by psychologists in?
A
research and counseling
9
Q
Are psychologists medical or non-medical?
A
non-medical
10
Q
What can psychologists further specialize in where they would work in a clinical setting in a hospital or outpatient treatment facility, where they would work with psychiatrists to try and treat patients?
A
clinical psychology
11
Q
What other 2 areas can psychologists work in?
A
experimental research where they can do research in the area of psychology
social psychology where they can look at social interaction and behavior
12
Q
What else can a clinical psychologist do?
A
clinical psychologists can use psychotherapy to treat patients
psychiatrists can prescribe medications
13
Q
What are 2 things a clinical psychologist cannot do?
A
prescribe medications
perform ECT (electroconvulsive shock therapy)
14
Q
What are clinical psychologists trained with?
A
using various tools in regards to learning more about a patient’s mental health and intelligence
15
Q
What are 4 tests a clinical psychologists can use?
A
2 IQ Test
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Standford-Binet Intelligence Scale
2 Personality Tests
Rorschach Technique
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
16
Q
Rorschach Technique
A
uses ink blots
10 cards that contain ink blots and the patient describes what they see in the ink blots
psychologists is looking for a pattern in the patient’s responses to help determine what’s on their mind
17
Q
Amnesia
A
loss of memory
17
Q
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
A
uses pictures where the patient would make up stories
ask patient to tell a story that the picture illustrates
18
Q
Anxiety
A
varying degrees of uneasiness, apprehension, or dread often accompanied by palpitations, tightness in the chest, breathlessness, and chocking sensations
19
Q
Apathy
A
an absence of emotions; lack of interest, emotional involvement, or motivation
20
Q
Compulsion
A
the uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly
21
Q
Conversion
A
when anxiety becomes bodily symptom; in severe cases a patient may experience blindness, deafness, or paralysis that does not have a physical basis
22
Q
Delusion
A
a fixed false belief that can’t be changed by logical reasoning or evidence
23
Q
What is an example of a delusion?
A
when someone believes something that is not true, and you can’t change their mind
24
Dissociation
when uncomfortable feelings are separated from their real object, to avoid mental distress, the feelings are redirected toward a second object or behavior pattern
25
Dysphoria
a condition of carrying bad things, sadness, hopelessness; depressive mood or feeling "low"
26
Euphoria
an exaggerated feeling of well-being "high", whether chemically or mentally induced
27
Hallucination
a false or unreal sensory perception
28
What is an example of a hallucination?
hearing voices when none are present
29
What can cause hallucinations?
mental illness, drugs
30
Illusion
a false perception of an actual sensory stimulus
31
Labile
variable; undergoing rapid emotional change
32
What is an example of a labile?
crying one minute, laughing the next
33
Mania
elation or irritability, associated with distractibility, hyperactivity, talkativeness, injudicious acts, flight of ideas, and racing thoughts
34
Mutism
a non-reactive state with the inability to speak
35
Obsession
an involuntary, persistent idea or emotion
36
Pyromania
an obsession with fire
37
Paranoia
overly suspicious system of thinking; fixed delusion that one is being harassed persecuted, or unfairly treated
feeling like a victim
38
Sigmund Freud
work in the area of personality and came to understand and determine that the personality is made up of 3 parts
39
What are the 3 parts that Sigmund Freud determined makes up someone's personality?
Id
Ego
Superego
40
Id
unconscious instincts and psychic energy present from birth
basic drives that are operating according to the pleasure principle
seek immediate gratification regardless of the reality of the situation
41
Ego
central coordinating branch of the personality
mediator between the id and the outside whole
deals with reality and postpones the gratification of a need or drive until a satisfactory object of situation arises
perceived as being "self" by the individual
42
Superego
internalized conscience and moral part of the personality
encompasses the send of discipline derived from parental authority and society
where you would have guilt feelings that would arise from behavior and thoughts that do not conform to the standards of the superego
43
Psychosis
used to describe mental illness
44
What factors does psychosis involve?
significant impairment of reality testing, severe mental illness where you would have symptoms of delusions (false beliefs), hallucinations (false sensory perceptions), and bizarre behavior
45
What would be an example of a psychoses and describe it?
Schizophrenic disorder
a disturbed sense of self, inappropriate affect (emotional reactions), and withdrawal from the external world
46
Anxiety disorder
the experience of unpleasent tension, distress, troubled feelings, and avoidance behavior
47
Panic attack
period of intense fear or discomfort in which symptoms develop abruptly and reach a peak within 10 minutes
48
Panic Disorder
condition characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks and persistent concern about having another panic attack in between episodes
49
Phobic Disorder
irrational or debilitating fears associated with a specific object or situation
50
Agoraphobia
fear of being in open, crowded, public places from which escape would be difficult or in which help might not be available; going out alone in "unsafe" places
51
Social phobia (social anxiety disorder)
fear of situations in which the affected person is open to public scrutiny; could result in possible embarrassment and humiliation
52
What is an example of a Social phobia (social anxiety disorder)?
fear may focus on speaking in public, using public restrooms, or eating in public
53
Claustrophobia
fear of closed-in spaces
54
Acrophobia
fear of heights
55
Zoophobia
fear of animals
56
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
recurrent thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive acts (compulsions) that dominate the patient's life
57
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
development of symptoms (intense fear, helplessness, insomnia, nightmares, and diminished responsiveness to the external world) following exposure to a traumatic event
58
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
characterized by chronic anxiety and exaggerated worry and tensions even when there is little or nothing to provoke such feelings
59
Bipolar disorders
characterized by one or more manic episodes alternating with depressive episodes
60
Manic episode
period during which the predominant mood is excessively elevated or irritable
61
What are some associated symptoms with bipolar disorders?
inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, rapid speech with quick changes of topic, distractibility, and excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high or painful consequence
62
Hypomania
mood resembling mania, but lesser intensity
63
Bipolar disorder I
one or more manic episodes, often alternating with major depressive episodes
64
Bipolar disorder II
recurrent major depressive episodes alternating with hypomanic episodes
65
Cyclothymic disorder
mild form of bipolar disorder by at least 2 years of numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet the criteria for mania and depressive symptoms do not meet the criteria for a major depressive disorder
66
Depressive Disorder
marked by the occurrence of one or more major depressive episodes without a history of mania or hypomania
67
Major Depressive Disorder
episodes of severe dysphoria (sadness, hopelessness, worry discouragement)
68
What are some other symptoms of major depressive disorder?
appetite disturbances and changes in weight, sleep disorders, fatigue or low energy, feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, or excessive or inappropriate guilt, difficulty thinking or concentrating, and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
69
Persistent Depressive Disorder (dysthymia)
a depressive disorder involving depressed mood (feeling sad or "down in the dumps") persists over a 2 year period but is not as severe as major depression
70
Are psychotic features found in Major Depressive Disorder or Persistent Depressive Disorder?
Major Depressive Disorder
71
What relationship have researchers noted between which depression and a particular period of the year
the onset of an episode of depressive disorder and the winter time called Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
72
Dissociative Disorder
condition involving breakdown in memory, identity, or perception
escape reality through amnesia or alternate identities
73
Eating Disorders
severe disturbances in eating behavior
74
Anorexia Nervosa
characterized by refusal to maintain a minimal normal body weight
so afraid of gaining weight, they just don't eat
75
Anorexia
lack of appetite
76
Bulimia Nervosa
characterized by binge eating (uncontrolled indulgence in food) followed by purging (eliminating food from the body)
77
bulimia
abnormal increase in hunger
78
Neurocognitive Disorders
marked by disturbances in cognition (thinking, perception, reason, and judgement)
79
What are the primary features of neurocognitive disorders?
Delirium and Dementia
80
Delirium
acute episodes of confused thinking, disorientation, and behavioral changes, such as agitation and fear
81
How is delirium caused?
drug intoxication or withdrawal, seizures or head trauma, and metabolic disturbances
82
Delirium tremors (DT's)
brought on by stopping alcohol consumption suddenly after prolonged periods of heavy alcohol ingestion
83
Dementia
progressive loss of intellectual abilities such as judgement, memory, reasoning, and changes in personality
84
What are some other symptoms of dementia?
difficulty with language and with simple acts like dressing or brushing teeth
85
What is the most common cause of dementia?
Alzheimer Disease
86
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
a group of childhood disorders characterized by delays in the development of socialization and communication skills
87
Autism spectrum disorders (autism)
usually evident during the first 3 years of life
88
What is autism characterized by?
difficulties in verbal and nonverbal communication and in social play interactions
89
Asperger Syndrome
referred to as a less severe type of autism
90
What is Asperger syndrome characterized by?
normal language skills and normal intelligence, usually want to interact with others but don't know how to do it
91
Personality Disorder
enduring pattern of thinking and behaving contrary to what is culturally acceptable
92
When do personality disorders first become evident and what do they typically lead to?
early adulthood and leads to distress or conflict with others
93
What are the Cluster A personality disorders?
Paranoid and Schizoid
94
Paranoid
pattern of distrust and suspiciousness so that motives of others are interpreted as malicious; quick to take offense
95
Schizoid
pattern of detachment from social relationships with restricted range of emotions; cold, aloof, and indifferent to the feelings of others
96
What are the Cluster B personality disorders?
Antisocial
Borderline
Histrionic
Narcissistic
97
Antisocial
pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others
98
Borderline
pattern of instability and interpersonal relationships and sense of self
99
Histrionic
pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking
100
Narcissistic
pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy
101
What are the Cluster C personality disorders?
Obsessive-compulsive
102
Obsessive compulsive
pattern of orderliness, perfectionism, and control
103
Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders
chronic psychoses marked by disturbed thinking and disorganized speech
104
Disorganized thinking (speech)
person may switch from one topic to another resulting in incoherent speech
105
Abnormal motor behavior
involuntary movements and mannerisms from childlike "silliness" to unpredictable agitation
106
Negative symptoms
flatness of affect (diminished emotional expression) and unwillingness to initiate purposeful activities
107
Sexual dysfunctions
disturbances in a person's ability to respond sexually or to experience sexual pleasure
108
Paraphilias
characterized by recurrent, intense, sexual urges, fantasies or behaviors that involve sexual objects, activities, or situations
109
Exhinitionism
compulsive need to expose one's body, particularly the genitals, to an unsuspecting stranger
110
Fetishism
use of nonliving objects (articles of clothing) as substitutes for a human sexual love object
111
Pedophilia
sexual urges and fantasies involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child (13 yrs old or younger)
112
Somatic Symptom Disorders
patient's mental conflicts are expressed as physical symptoms
113
What are some somatic symptom disorder physical symptoms?
abdominal pain, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, palpitations, deafness, blindness, and paralysis
114
Illness Anxiety Disorder
a preoccupation with having or acquiring a severe illness
115
Conversion Disorder
marked by specific neurologic signs or symptoms (numbness, paralysis, or blindness) with no actual, organic basis
symptoms are the result of anxiety and unconscious inner conflict
116
Substance-related and addictive disorders
characterized by symptoms and behavioral changes associated with regular use or discontinuation of substances that affect the CNS
117
Psychological dependence
a compulsion to continue taking a drug despite adverse consequences
118
Physiologic dependence
the onset of withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued abrutly
119
What is a significant feature of physiologic dependence?
tolerance
120
Tolerance
declining effect of the drug so that the dose must be increased to give the same effect
can be with alcohol and narcotic drugs
121
What are the major therapeutic techniques that are used to treat psychiatric disorders?
psychotherapy
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
drug therapy (psychopharmacology)
122
Psychotherapy
treatment of emotional problems and disorders using psychological techniques
123
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
applying an electrical current to the brain while the patient is under anesthesia with assisted ventilation
trying to convulse the patients
124
When is ECT chiefly used?
serious depression
the depressive phase of bipolar disorder
125
Antianxiety and antipanic agents
used to lessen anxiety, tension, and agitation, associated with panic attacke
126
Antidepressants
gradually reverse depression symptoms and return patient to a more even state, less persistent and less severe depressive symptoms
127
Anti-obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
agents are prescribed to relieve the symptoms of OCD
128
Antipsychotics
suppress psychotic symptoms and behavior
129
Mood stabilizers
used primarily to treat patients with mood changes associated with bipolar disorder
130
Hypnotics
used to produce sleep and relieve insomnia
131
Stimulants
prescribed for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and to a lesser extent, adults
132
anxi/o
uneasy, anxious, distressed
133
aut/o
self
133
134
hallucin/o
hallucination, to wander in the mind
135
hypn/o
sleep
136
iatr/o
treatment
137
ment/o
mind
138
neur/o
nerve
139
phil/o
attraction to love
140
phren/o
mind
141
psych/o
mind
142
schiz/o
spilt
143
schizophrenia
condition of a spilt mind
144
somat/o
body
145
psychosomatic
pertaining to mind and body
146
-genic
produced by
147
-leptic
to seize hold of
148
-mania
obsessive preoccupation
149
-phobia
fear (irrational and often disabling)
150
-phoria
feeling, bearing
151
-thymia
mind
152
a-
no,not
153
an-
no,not
154
cata-
down
155
hypo-
deficient, less than, below
156
para-
abnormal
157
AD
Alzheimer disease (form of dementia
158
ADHD
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
159
CA
chronological age
160
MA
mental age (as determined by psychological test)
161
CNS
central nervous system
162
DT
delirium tremens
163
ECT
electroconvulsive therapy
164
IQ
IQ test
165
What IQ test score is the average person considered to have?
between 90 and 110
166
What score is considered mentally retarded?
below 70
167
OCD
obsessive compulsive disorder
168
PTSD
post-traumatic stress disorder
169
SAD
seasonal affective disorder
170
TAT
Thematic Apperception Test
171
WAIS
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
