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HIM 361 > Ch. 18 Endocrine System > Flashcards

Ch. 18 Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine glands

A

glands that would secrete substances called hormones directly into the blood stream

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2
Q

Exocrine glands

A

send chemical substances such as tears, sweat, milk, and saliva via the ducts to the outside of the body

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3
Q

What are some example of exocrine glands?

A

sweat glands, mammary glands, salivary glands, and lacrimal glands

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4
Q

Do endocrine glands have ducts?

A

No because they are internally secreting glands

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5
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

in the neck

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6
Q

Where are the 4 parathyroid glands located?

A

in the neck

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7
Q

Where are the 2 adrenal glands located?

A

above the kidneys

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8
Q

Is the pancreas an endocrine gland?

A

yes

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9
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

at the base of the brain in the sella turcica

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10
Q

Where are the ovaries located?

A

female in the lower abdominal cavity

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11
Q

Where are the testes located?

A

male

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12
Q

Where is the pineal gland located?

A

in the brain

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13
Q

What hormones does the thyroid gland secrete?

A

Thyroxine (T4); triiodothyronine (T3); calcitonin

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14
Q

What hormones does the parathyroid gland secrete?

A

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

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15
Q

What hormones does the adrenal cortex secrete?

A

cortisol (glucocorticoid); aldosterone (mineralocorticoid); androgens, estrogens (sex hormones)

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16
Q

What hormones does the adrenal medulla secrete?

A

epinephrine (adrenaline; norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

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17
Q

What hormones does the islet cells secrete?

A

insulin; glucagon

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18
Q

What hormones does the anterior lobe secrete?

A

Growth hormone (GH); thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH); adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); Gonadotropins; Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); Luteinizing hormone (LH); Prolactin (PRL)

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19
Q

What hormones does the posterior lobe secrete?

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin); oxytocin

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20
Q

What hormones do the ovaries secrete?

A

estrogens; progesterone

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21
Q

What hormones do the testes secrete?

A

testosterone

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22
Q

Adrenal medulls

A

inner section of the adrenal gland

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23
Q

Pituitary gland (hypophysis)

A

composed of an anterior lobe called the adenohypophysis and a posterior lobe called the neurohypophysis

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24
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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25
Q

adrenal/o

A

adrenal gland

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26
Q

gonad/o

A

sex gland (ovaries and testes)

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27
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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28
Q

parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid gland

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29
Q

pituitar/o

A

pituitary gland

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30
Q

thyr/o

A

thyroid gland

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31
Q

thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

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32
Q

andr/o

A

male

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33
Q

gynec/o

A

female

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34
Q

calc/o

A

calcium

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35
Q

calci/o

A

calcium

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36
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

too much calcium in the blood

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37
Q

cortic/o

A

cortex

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38
Q

crin/o

A

secrete

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39
Q

endocrine

A

to secrete within

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40
Q

dips/o

A

thrist

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41
Q

estr/o

A

female

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42
Q

gluc/o

A

sugar

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43
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar

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44
Q

home/o

A

sameness

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45
Q

hormon/o

A

hormone

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46
Q

kal/i

A

potassium

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47
Q

lact/o

A

milk

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48
Q

myx/o

A

mucus

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49
Q

natr/o

50
Q

phys/o

51
Q

somat/o

52
Q

ster/o

A

solid structure

53
Q

toc/o

A

childbirth

54
Q

toxic/o

55
Q

ur/o

56
Q

-agon

A

assemble, or gather together

57
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

58
Q

-in

59
Q

-ine

60
Q

-tropin

A

stimulating the function of (to turn or act on)

61
Q

-uria

A

urine condition

62
Q

eu-

A

good or normal

63
Q

hyper-

A

excessive; above

64
Q

hypo-

A

deficient; below under; less than normal

65
Q

oxy-

A

rapid, sharp, acid

66
Q

pan-

67
Q

panoramic view

A

you can see everything and all

68
Q

poly-

A

many or increased

69
Q

tetra-

70
Q

tri-

71
Q

goiter

A

enlargement of the thyroid gland

72
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

over activity of the thyroid gland; thyrotoxicosis

73
Q

What is the most common form of hyperthyroidism?

A

grave’s disease

74
Q

What is Grave’s disease?

A

too much secretion of the thyroid gland with exophthalmos (bulging eyeballs)

75
Q

Hypothroidism

A

under activity of the thyroid gland, not enough of the thyroid hormone

76
Q

Myxedema

A

advanced hypothyroidism in an adult

77
Q

Cretinism

A

extreme hypothyroidism during infancy and childhood

78
Q

Thyroid carcinoma

A

cancer of the thyroid gland

79
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

excessive production of the parathyroid hormone

80
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Too much calcium in the blood

81
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

deficient production of parathyroid hormone

82
Q

Adrenal Virilism

A

excessive secretion of adrenal androgens

83
Q

What does adrenal virilism cause in adult women?

A

virilization

84
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of virilization?

A

amenorrhea, hirsutism, acne, and deepening of the voice

85
Q

What is amenorrhea?

A

women’s period stopped, lack of menstrual flow

86
Q

What is hirsutism?

A

excessive hair on the face and body where there should not be hair, for example a woman would grow facial hair

87
Q

Crushing Syndrome

A

a group of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex

88
Q

What are some things that crushing syndrome cause?

A

obesity and facial appearance is moon-like

89
Q

What is addison disease?

A

hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex

think of the 3 “S’s”
sugar (cortisol)
salt (aldosterone)
sex (androgens and estrogens)

90
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

benign tumor of the adrenal medulla

91
Q

Hyperinsulinism

A

excess secretion of insulin causing hypoglycemia

92
Q

Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

A

where there is a lack of insulin secretion or the resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells

93
Q

What are the 2 types of diabetes mellitus?

A

Type 1
Type 2

94
Q

What is type 1 diabetes?

A

autoimmune disease that occurs in early childhood aka juvenile diabetes

insulin-dependent diabetes

95
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A

older people, sometimes family history, obesity can contribute to it aka adult onset diabetes

non-insulin dependent diabetes

96
Q

What are the secondary long term complications that appear with daibetes?

A

Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic nephropathy
Diabetic neuropathy

97
Q

What does diabetic retinopathy affect?

98
Q

What does diabetic nephropathy affect?

A

the kidneysW

99
Q

What does diabetic neuropathy affect?

100
Q

What is gestational diabetes?

A

result of hormonal changes during pregnancy and can occur in women with predisposition to diabetes during the second or third trimester

101
Q

What is acromegaly?

A

hypersecretion of the growth hormone from the anterior pituitary after puberty, leading to the enlargement if extremities

102
Q

What is gigantism?

A

hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues

103
Q

What is dwarfism?

A

congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone; hypopituitary dwarfism

104
Q

What is panhypopituitarism?

A

deficiency of all pituitary hormones

105
Q

Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)

A

excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone

106
Q

Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

A

insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

107
Q

Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) aka Fasting Blood Sugar

A

measures circulating glucose levvel in a patient who has fasted (not eaten anything) for at least 8 hours

a test used to diagnose diabetes or pre-diabetes

108
Q

What is another test used to diagnose pre-diabetes and gestational diabetes?

A

glucose tolerance test

109
Q

Computed Tomography (CT)

A

x-ray imaging of endocrine glands in cross section and other views, to assess size and infiltration by tumor

110
Q

Magentic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

when magnetic waves produce images of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to locate abnormalities

111
Q

CA++

A

calcium (important electrolyte)

112
Q

DI

A

diabetes insipidus

113
Q

DKS

A

diabetic ketoacidosis

114
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

115
Q

FBG

A

fasting blood glucose

116
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

117
Q

GTT

A

glucose tolerance test

118
Q

K+

A

potassium (an important electrolyte)

119
Q

Na+

A

sodium (an important electrolyte)

120
Q

SIADH

A

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (secretion)

HIM 361 (4 decks)

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