Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Health Ass > Ch 22. Abdomen > Flashcards

Ch 22. Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Solid viscera examples

A 
Liver
Pancreas
Spleen
Adrenal glands
Kidneys
Ovaries
Uterus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hollow viscera examples

A 
Stomach 
Gallbladder
Small intestine
Colon
Bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Organs in the right upper quadrant

A

RUQ: liver, gallbladder, duodenum, head of pancrease, R. kidney, r. adrenal gland, hepatic flecture of colon and portions of ascending and transverse colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Organs in the left upper quadrant

A

LUQ: l. liver, spleen, stomach, bodt of pancrease, L.adrenal glnad, L.kidney, spenic flecture of colon, trasverse/descing colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Organs in the right lower quadrant

A

RLQ: r. kidney, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, r. uterer, r. ovary/fallopian tube, r. spermaticord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Organs in the left lower quadrant

A

LLQ: l. kidney, sigmoid colon, descending colon, l. ureter, l. ovary/fallopian tube, l. spermaticord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Developmental Considerations: Pregnant women

A

Morning sickness
Heartburn
Constipation and decreased bowel sounds (More water absorbed so constipatipon)
Appendicitis: Appendix can move in pregnancy
Skin: Straie, linea nigra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Developmental Considerations: Older Adults

A 
Salivation decreases
Delayed esophageal emptying
Decrease in gastric acid secretion
Dehydration susceptibility
Liver size decreases
Renal function decreases
Increased gall stone formation
Constipation
Increased risk for colorectal cancer

Women have deposits on fat in superpubic area, men have buldging belly look
Adipose tissue is redistributed (away from face)
Decrease in gastric astric delays medications/absorptions of nutrients
Decrease ability to absorb water/respond in temperature changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Developmental Considerations: Infants and Children

A 
Umbilical Cord
Gastroenteritis
Unbiblical cord = 2 arteries 1 vein
Large liver in infant
Children have increased risk of dehydration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cultural and Social Considerations

A
  • Prevalence of lactose intolerance
  • Rates of celiac disease
  • GERD and modifiable risk factors
  • Peptic ulcer disease (Canada has highest incidence in world)
  • Inflammatory bowel disease (Canada has one of the highest rates)
  • Relationship of hepatitis A and GI illnesses to socioeconomic factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Subjective Data: Health History

  • older adults
  • adolescence
A 
Appetite
Dysphagia
Food intolerance
Abdominal pain
Nausea/vomiting
Bowel habits
Past abdominal history
Medications
Alcohol and tobacco
Nutritional assessment

Adolescents:
Schedule and content
Exercise
Underweight

Older adults:
Food access
Emotional characteristics
Recall
Bowel movements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Precations against Hepatitis Risk

A
  • 6 hepatitis viruses have been identified,
  • 3 (hep A, B, C) cause 90% of acute hepatitis cases in Canada
  • Practise safe sex
  • Don’t share items that may have bodily fluids on them
  • Be aware of environment
  • Watch diet and weight
  • Travel wisely
  • Use medications wisely
  • Do not mix medications without consulting a health care provider
  • Drink alcohol in moderation
  • Measures an individual can follow to protect his or her liver (cont’d)
  • Do not mix alcohol and medications
  • Do not use illegal drugs
  • Get vaccinated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why do we do auscultation first?

A

Do palpation/percussion last because it can increase peristalisis so false bowl sounds might cause discomfort or move things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Inspection of Abdomen

A

Contour: flat, scaphoid, rounded, protuberant
-sitting down and gaze across the abdomen look for shadows/masses/buldges, get them to take a big breath

Symmetry
Umbilicus
Skin
Pulsation or movement
Hair distribution
Demeanor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Auscultate of Abdomen

A

Bowl Sounds:
Start listening in 4Q’s in RLQ in ‘ileocecal’ area. Note type of sound you’re hearing
Bowl sounds is the movement of air through the GI tract.
Stomach growling = hyper peristalsis (~fancy word~)
-5-35 per min = normal
-must listen for 5 min to say there’s none

Vasular Sounds:

  • (bruits)
  • aorta, renal, iliac, femoral
  • Use bell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Percussion of Abdomen

A

Assess the relative density of abdominal contents, locate organs and to screen for abnormal fluid or masses
All 4 quadrants, clockwise

Tympany
Dullness- solid structures (liver), a distended bladder, adipose, fluid, mass
Hyper-resonance- gaseous distention

  • General tympany
  • density of the abdominal contents.
  • Because air in the intestines, tympany is the predominant sound.
  • Dullness may be heard over a distended bladder, adipose tissue, fluid or a mass.
  • A change in tone may be noted over the descending colon if there is a need for evacuation.
  • A change from lung resonance to dullness will identify the borders of the liver, which ranges from 6 – 12 cm in width and in some individuals an area of splenic dullness 7 cm or less in width may be noted between the ninth and the eleventh intercostal space behind the left midaxillary lien.
17
Q

Palpation of abdomen

  • light/deep
  • organs you can palpate?
A

Light palpation: moisture, pain, temperature, ridgitiy 1cm depression, rotary motion in clockwise manner

Deep palpation: distinguish normal organs, large masses. Same start point. Depress 5-8cm, may need to use bimanual technique on large or obese person

Bimanual palpation: palpation with both hands

Get patient to relax, stick a pillow under their knees, breathe slowly
Ticklish patient use their hand with your fingers curled over them

18
Q

Palpation of the Liver

A

Liver: non dom hand under patients back under 11-12 rib, other hand under ribds under right costal margin. Take a deep breath and push. Hoocking: both hands hook under the ribs and hook hands under the right side of the ribs, deep breath and palpate the edge

19
Q

Palpation of the Spleen

A

Slpeen: not palpable and must be 3x the normal size to be felt. Non dominate hand under back, other hand on rib edge, breathe and push

20
Q

Palpation of the Kidneys

A

Kidneys: duck bill hand on right side. Round and smooth if you do feel it. L.Kidney about 1cm higher than R and normally not palpable

21
Q

Palpation of the Aorta

A

Aorta: upper abdomen. Pulse about 2.5-4cm wide

22
Q

Old version of the 4 quadrants

A

epigastric (above umbilical)
umbilical region
hypogastic/suprapubic

Health Ass (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions