Ch 21. Peripheral Vasular Flashcards
Arteries in the head
Temporal
Carotid
Arteries in the arm
Brachial
Ulnar
Radial
Arteries in the leg
Femoral
Popliteal
Dorsalis pedis: on top of foot below the dorsal arch
Posterior tibial: At back of foot just Inside the ankle
Plantar arteries
3 Types of Veins
Deep veins
Superficial Veins
Perforators
Deep veins examples 2
Femoral
Popliteal
Superficial veins examples 2
Great saphenous
Small saphenous
Movement in veins caused by
contraction of skeletal muscle
respiration which changes the pressure
Intraluminal valves that ensure one directional flow
Functions of lymphatic system
Concerve fluid and plasma proteins & immune response
Filter the fluid before it is returned to the bloodstream
Filter out microorganisms that could be harmful
Pathogens are exposed to the lymphocytes
Organs related to lymphatic system and their function
Thymus gland no function in adults but makes T-kyphocytes in development
Spleen gets rid of old RBC, filters microorganism from RBS, stores RBC, produces antibodies
Tonsils all respond to imflammation
Lymph nodes examples
Cervicle nodes: drain head/neck
Axillary nodes: drain breast/upper arm
Epitrochlear nodes: drain hand/lower arm
Inguinal nodes: drain lower extremintes, genitalia andanterior portion of abdomen wall
Developmental Considerations: Pregnant women
Growing uterus obstructs drainage of iliac vein and inferior vena cava; dependent edema
Prone to dependent edema (lower limb edema) due to uterus obstructing drainage
Diffuse bilateral pitting edema
Varicose veins
Developmental Considerations: Older adults
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Increased risk of DVT
Peripheral blood vessles can be prone to Arteriosclerosis which can cause risei n systolic bp.
Fewer lymph nodes and drastic shinking in size of remaining nodes
Increased risk of DVT (Deep vein thrombosis)/pumbonary emboli, prolonged sitting, bed rest increase risk
Dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial pulses more difficult to find
Trophic changes associated with arterial insufficiency
Subjective Data: Health History
Leg pain or cramps Skin changes on arm or legs Swelling in arms or legs Lymph node enlargement Medications
Rating scale of pulses
0 = absent 1 = weak 2 = normal 3 = full/bounding
Inspection
Colour of skin/nail beds Temperature Texture Turgor Lesions Edema Clubbing Capillary refill Skin and hair Symmetry
If cap refil over than 1min we have decreased cardiac output/vasoconstriction
Arms shoukd be symmetrical in size
Lymphodema happens due to blockage in lymph drainage normally after any type of breat surgery
What do we check for with pulses? 4 things
Rate
Rhythm
Elasticity
Equal force
Palpate: arm/leg
Arms: Radial pulses Ulnar pulses Brachial pulses Epitrochlear lymph node
Legs: Temperature Calf muscle Inguinal lymph nodes Femoral pulse Popliteal pulse Posterior tibial pulse Dorsalis pedis pulse Pretibial edema
Check for tibial edema
depress for about 5seconds over tibal (should be no identation unless your pregnant)
Pitting can mean: diabetic nuropathy, heart failure, hepatic serosis
Edema grading scale
1+: mild pitting, slight indentation, no perceptible swelling of the leg
2+: moderate pitting, indentation that subsides rapidly
3+: deep pitting, indentation that remains for a short time, swelling of leg
4+: very deep pitting, indentation that lasts a long time, gross swelling and distortion of leg
What should you do if you suspected atrial deficit
raise leg off table 30cm for 30seconds to drain venous blood, what’s left is arterial blood which should still look pink
-deep blue colour is with severe atrial deficieny
Promoting Health: Foot Care things to do
Foot problems often first sign of arthritis/diabetes/nerve or circulatory disorders
Check feet every day (use mirror)
- Dry feet carefully
- Trim toenails straight across
- Avoid chipped nail polish
Keep blood flowing to feet
- Activity/stretching/wiggling/elevation/massage
- Do not cross legs
- Do not smoke
Good foot care (cont’d)
- Wear comfortable fitting shoes
- Fit shoes to larger foot
- Low-heeled shoes for women
- Keep skin soft and smooth
