Ch 21. Peripheral Vasular

Question 1

Arteries in the head

Answer 1

Temporal

Carotid

Question 2

Arteries in the arm

Answer 2

Brachial
Ulnar
Radial

Question 3

Arteries in the leg

Answer 3

Femoral
Popliteal
Dorsalis pedis: on top of foot below the dorsal arch
Posterior tibial: At back of foot just Inside the ankle
Plantar arteries

Question 4

3 Types of Veins

Answer 4

Deep veins
Superficial Veins
Perforators

Question 5

Deep veins examples 2

Answer 5

Femoral

Popliteal

Question 6

Superficial veins examples 2

Answer 6

Great saphenous

Small saphenous

Question 7

Movement in veins caused by

Answer 7

contraction of skeletal muscle
respiration which changes the pressure
Intraluminal valves that ensure one directional flow

Question 8

Functions of lymphatic system

Answer 8

Concerve fluid and plasma proteins & immune response

Filter the fluid before it is returned to the bloodstream
Filter out microorganisms that could be harmful
Pathogens are exposed to the lymphocytes

Question 9

Organs related to lymphatic system and their function

Answer 9

Thymus gland no function in adults but makes T-kyphocytes in development

Spleen gets rid of old RBC, filters microorganism from RBS, stores RBC, produces antibodies

Tonsils all respond to imflammation

Question 10

Lymph nodes examples

Answer 10

Cervicle nodes: drain head/neck
Axillary nodes: drain breast/upper arm
Epitrochlear nodes: drain hand/lower arm
Inguinal nodes: drain lower extremintes, genitalia andanterior portion of abdomen wall

Question 11

Developmental Considerations: Pregnant women

Answer 11

Growing uterus obstructs drainage of iliac vein and inferior vena cava; dependent edema
Prone to dependent edema (lower limb edema) due to uterus obstructing drainage

Diffuse bilateral pitting edema
Varicose veins

Question 12

Developmental Considerations: Older adults

Answer 12

Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Increased risk of DVT
Peripheral blood vessles can be prone to Arteriosclerosis which can cause risei n systolic bp.
Fewer lymph nodes and drastic shinking in size of remaining nodes
Increased risk of DVT (Deep vein thrombosis)/pumbonary emboli, prolonged sitting, bed rest increase risk

Dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial pulses more difficult to find
Trophic changes associated with arterial insufficiency

Question 13

Subjective Data: Health History

Answer 13

Leg pain or cramps
Skin changes on arm or legs
Swelling in arms or legs
Lymph node enlargement
Medications

Question 14

Rating scale of pulses

Answer 14

0 = absent
1 = weak
2 = normal
3 = full/bounding

Question 15

Inspection

Answer 15

Colour of skin/nail beds
Temperature
Texture
Turgor
Lesions
Edema
Clubbing 
Capillary refill
Skin and hair
Symmetry 

If cap refil over than 1min we have decreased cardiac output/vasoconstriction
Arms shoukd be symmetrical in size
Lymphodema happens due to blockage in lymph drainage normally after any type of breat surgery

Question 16

What do we check for with pulses? 4 things

Answer 16

Rate
Rhythm
Elasticity
Equal force

Question 17

Palpate: arm/leg

Answer 17

Arms:
Radial pulses
Ulnar pulses
Brachial pulses
Epitrochlear lymph node

Legs:
Temperature
Calf muscle
Inguinal lymph nodes
Femoral pulse
Popliteal pulse
Posterior tibial pulse
Dorsalis pedis pulse
Pretibial edema

Question 18

Check for tibial edema

Answer 18

depress for about 5seconds over tibal (should be no identation unless your pregnant)
Pitting can mean: diabetic nuropathy, heart failure, hepatic serosis

Question 19

Edema grading scale

Answer 19

1+: mild pitting, slight indentation, no perceptible swelling of the leg

2+: moderate pitting, indentation that subsides rapidly

3+: deep pitting, indentation that remains for a short time, swelling of leg

4+: very deep pitting, indentation that lasts a long time, gross swelling and distortion of leg

Question 20

What should you do if you suspected atrial deficit

Answer 20

raise leg off table 30cm for 30seconds to drain venous blood, what’s left is arterial blood which should still look pink
-deep blue colour is with severe atrial deficieny

Question 21

Promoting Health: Foot Care things to do

Answer 21

Foot problems often first sign of arthritis/diabetes/nerve or circulatory disorders

Check feet every day (use mirror)

• Dry feet carefully
• Trim toenails straight across
• Avoid chipped nail polish

Keep blood flowing to feet

• Activity/stretching/wiggling/elevation/massage
• Do not cross legs
• Do not smoke

Good foot care (cont’d)

• Wear comfortable fitting shoes
• Fit shoes to larger foot
• Low-heeled shoes for women
• Keep skin soft and smooth