Ch. 21 Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the Respiratory system broken down into?
Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts
Upper Respiratory Tract consists of
Nose, Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx
Lower Respiratory Tract consists of
Left and Right Lungs, thoracic cage, thoracic cavity, diaphragm, trachea, bronchi, bronchiole, alveoli
What are the regional designations used for?
To specify the location of things such as illnesses or diseases
What is the big-picture function of the respiratory system?
Oxygen in, Carbon Dioxide out
What are the parts of the lungs?
Right and left primary bronchus, right and left secondary bronchi, and the right and left tertiary bronchi
What do the primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi supply?
The primary supplies individual lungs, the secondary supplies the lobes, and the tertiary supplies the segments within the lobes
Our airways get progressively smaller until we get where.
To the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs of the lungs that allow for rapid gaseous exchange.
Why do we want oxygen in these alveoli?
To get oxygen put into the bloodstream
Why is deoxygenated blood dumped into the lungs?
So the lungs can dump out all the carbon dioxide by breathing out.
When do our cells generate carbon dioxide?
After they deliver oxygen to the body
What is potential space?
It is the small, almost nonexsistent space between the alveolar and pulmonary capillary wall.
What makes up the Respiratory membrane and what does it do?
The Alveolar wall, the pulmonary capillary wall, and the potential space make it up and it allows oxygen and CO2 to pass easily and quickly from lungs to blood and blood to lungs
What is Pulmonary Adema?
When water accumulates in the interstitial space which seperates the two walls and widens the membrane. Wider membrane= slower defusion of gasses= impairs gas exchange= short of breath
How does the Respiratory System work?
O2 in from atmosphere to lungs to blood to cells. CO2 out from cells to blood to lungs to atmosphere.
What is Ventilation?
Fancy way to say breathing with two components: Inhalation (Breathing In, O2 in) and Exhalation (Breathing Out, CO2 Out)
Also the exchange of gasses between atmosphere and lungs
Why does our body brings deoxygenated blood into our lungs?
So the red blood cells can drop off CO2 from the deoxygenated blood and pick O2 to bring to the heart.
What is Pulmonary Respiration?
The gas exchange occuring across the respiratory membrane, between the lungs and the blood
What is Tissue Respiration?
The gas exchange occuring betweene the blood and the cells
What occurs during Pulmonary Respirtaion?
Alveolar Po2 —–> Capillary Po2
(higher) (lower)
Alveolar Pco2<——– Capillary Pco2
(lower) (higher)
When gasses move across the membranes…
It moves by diffusion, gasses move from a higher concentraiton to a lower concentration
What are Alveoli?
Hollow air sacks in the lungs
Why does oxygen move from the lungs to the blood?
Becuase the blood has no oxygen for the heart and other cells
After oxygen moves to the blood, what increases?
The CO2 levels are increased so the Capillary Pco2 levels are higher than the Alveolar Pco2 levels. In result, the concentration goes from the blood to the lungs
What if someone is chocking and has a blocked trachea?
They can’t get oxygen into their lungs, and can’t oxygenate the alveoli and the Alveolar Po2 decreases. There is no concentration to move the oxygen into the blood stream, so the organs aren’t getting any oxygen
What happens when you inhale carbon monoxide?
The chemical competes with any oxygen present and it binds with the hemoglobin in the red blood cells so oxygen cannot. No oxygen to the body.
True or False: Gas NEVER moves from a higher to lower pressure
FALSE
How many breaths per minute are normal?
14 to 18 breaths per minute, at rest, is normal
What parts of the respiratory system are similar?
The Pulmonary Respiration and the Tissue Respiration are the exact same thing, but they are in different locations
What occurs during Tissue Respiration?
Arterial Po2———> Tissue Po2
(higher) (lower)
Aerterial Pco2 <——–Tissue Pco2
(lower) (higher)
If airways get blocked, what happens to CO2?
CO2 is increasing because the body is still making it, it just is not getting removed.
Example: You start breathing much faster than normal (hint: the more in the lungs, the more in the blood, the more in the cells)
Pulmonary Respiration
Alveolar Po2 increases because you are bringing air in faster than normal
Tissue Respiration
Arterial Po2 increases for the same reason
Arterial Pco2 decreases because your metabolism doesn’t increase, you are getting ride of it faster.
True or False: Your Body is making CO2 at a constant rate
TRUE
You can’t change atmospheric pressure, so to change the pressure of the thoracic…
You have to change the volume inside the thoracic
How do we create the different pressures between the atmosphere and the intrathoracic?
By either expanding the chest wall, or compressing the chest wall
What are we doing when making the chest wall larger or smaller?
We are changing the intrathoracic volume
What is increasing and decreasing when we inhale (O2 In)?
We are increasing the intrathoracic volumes that causes a decrease in intrathoracic pressue
Atmosphere pressue is greater than intrathoracic pressure
What is increasing and decreasing when we exhale (CO2)?
We are decreasing the intrathoracic volumes that causes an increase in intrathoracic pressure
Intrathoracic pressure is greater than atmoshpere pressure
What is normal resting ventilation rate?
It is 12 to 18 breaths per minute
As you inhale, whats happening?
You are expanding your thoracic cavity volume and reducing pressure, the gases then move from a higher to lower pressure, outside to inside
What stimulates the process of breathing?
The primary drive for ventilation is the need to get CO2 out of the body
What sets the ventilation rate?
The amount of CO2 in the arterial blood
What is normal arterial CO2?
35-45 mm
if our arterial CO2 is normal, our ventilation rate would be normal too, 12 to 18 breaths
True or False: Our goal is to get rid of the CO2 at different times then when the body is producing it
FALSE
If CO2 value is at 60mm…
The value is too high and the ventilation rate increases
If CO2 value is at 20 mm….
The value is too low and the ventilation rate decreases
Why does the ventilation rate follow the CO2 levels?
So that the body can acheive homeostasis
If ventilation rates increase…..
The arterial Pco2 decreases because we are blowing off more CO2
If the ventilation rates decrease….
The arterial Pco2 increases because we build up that CO2 instead
