Ch. 21 Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the Respiratory system broken down into?

Answer 1

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts

Question 2

Upper Respiratory Tract consists of

Answer 2

Nose, Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx

Question 3

Lower Respiratory Tract consists of

Answer 3

Left and Right Lungs, thoracic cage, thoracic cavity, diaphragm, trachea, bronchi, bronchiole, alveoli

Question 4

What are the regional designations used for?

Answer 4

To specify the location of things such as illnesses or diseases

Question 5

What is the big-picture function of the respiratory system?

Answer 5

Oxygen in, Carbon Dioxide out

Question 6

What are the parts of the lungs?

Answer 6

Right and left primary bronchus, right and left secondary bronchi, and the right and left tertiary bronchi

Question 7

What do the primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi supply?

Answer 7

The primary supplies individual lungs, the secondary supplies the lobes, and the tertiary supplies the segments within the lobes

Question 8

Our airways get progressively smaller until we get where.

Answer 8

To the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs of the lungs that allow for rapid gaseous exchange.

Question 9

Why do we want oxygen in these alveoli?

Answer 9

To get oxygen put into the bloodstream

Question 10

Why is deoxygenated blood dumped into the lungs?

Answer 10

So the lungs can dump out all the carbon dioxide by breathing out.

Question 11

When do our cells generate carbon dioxide?

Answer 11

After they deliver oxygen to the body

Question 12

What is potential space?

Answer 12

It is the small, almost nonexsistent space between the alveolar and pulmonary capillary wall.

Question 13

What makes up the Respiratory membrane and what does it do?

Answer 13

The Alveolar wall, the pulmonary capillary wall, and the potential space make it up and it allows oxygen and CO2 to pass easily and quickly from lungs to blood and blood to lungs

Question 14

What is Pulmonary Adema?

Answer 14

When water accumulates in the interstitial space which seperates the two walls and widens the membrane. Wider membrane= slower defusion of gasses= impairs gas exchange= short of breath

Question 15

How does the Respiratory System work?

Answer 15

O2 in from atmosphere to lungs to blood to cells. CO2 out from cells to blood to lungs to atmosphere.

Question 16

What is Ventilation?

Answer 16

Fancy way to say breathing with two components: Inhalation (Breathing In, O2 in) and Exhalation (Breathing Out, CO2 Out)
Also the exchange of gasses between atmosphere and lungs

Question 17

Why does our body brings deoxygenated blood into our lungs?

Answer 17

So the red blood cells can drop off CO2 from the deoxygenated blood and pick O2 to bring to the heart.

Question 18

What is Pulmonary Respiration?

Answer 18

The gas exchange occuring across the respiratory membrane, between the lungs and the blood

Question 19

What is Tissue Respiration?

Answer 19

The gas exchange occuring betweene the blood and the cells

Question 20

What occurs during Pulmonary Respirtaion?

Answer 20

Alveolar Po2 —–> Capillary Po2
(higher) (lower)
Alveolar Pco2<——– Capillary Pco2
(lower) (higher)

Question 21

When gasses move across the membranes…

Answer 21

It moves by diffusion, gasses move from a higher concentraiton to a lower concentration

Question 22

What are Alveoli?

Answer 22

Hollow air sacks in the lungs

Question 23

Why does oxygen move from the lungs to the blood?

Answer 23

Becuase the blood has no oxygen for the heart and other cells

Question 24

After oxygen moves to the blood, what increases?

Answer 24

The CO2 levels are increased so the Capillary Pco2 levels are higher than the Alveolar Pco2 levels. In result, the concentration goes from the blood to the lungs

Question 25

What if someone is chocking and has a blocked trachea?

Answer 25

They can't get oxygen into their lungs, and can't oxygenate the alveoli and the Alveolar Po2 decreases. There is no concentration to move the oxygen into the blood stream, so the organs aren't getting any oxygen

Question 26

What happens when you inhale carbon monoxide?

Answer 26

The chemical competes with any oxygen present and it binds with the hemoglobin in the red blood cells so oxygen cannot. No oxygen to the body.

Question 27

True or False: Gas NEVER moves from a higher to lower pressure

Answer 27

FALSE

Question 28

How many breaths per minute are normal?

Answer 28

14 to 18 breaths per minute, at rest, is normal

Question 29

What parts of the respiratory system are similar?

Answer 29

The Pulmonary Respiration and the Tissue Respiration are the exact same thing, but they are in different locations

Question 30

What occurs during Tissue Respiration?

Answer 30

Arterial Po2---------> Tissue Po2 (higher) (lower) Aerterial Pco2 <--------Tissue Pco2 (lower) (higher)

Question 31

If airways get blocked, what happens to CO2?

Answer 31

CO2 is increasing because the body is still making it, it just is not getting removed.

Question 32

Example: You start breathing much faster than normal (hint: the more in the lungs, the more in the blood, the more in the cells)

Answer 32

Pulmonary Respiration Alveolar Po2 increases because you are bringing air in faster than normal Tissue Respiration Arterial Po2 increases for the same reason Arterial Pco2 decreases because your metabolism doesn't increase, you are getting ride of it faster.

Question 32

True or False: Your Body is making CO2 at a constant rate

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

You can't change atmospheric pressure, so to change the pressure of the thoracic...

Answer 33

You have to change the volume inside the thoracic

Question 34

How do we create the different pressures between the atmosphere and the intrathoracic?

Answer 34

By either expanding the chest wall, or compressing the chest wall

Question 35

What are we doing when making the chest wall larger or smaller?

Answer 35

We are changing the intrathoracic volume

Question 36

What is increasing and decreasing when we inhale (O2 In)?

Answer 36

We are increasing the intrathoracic volumes that causes a decrease in intrathoracic pressue Atmosphere pressue is greater than intrathoracic pressure

Question 37

What is increasing and decreasing when we exhale (CO2)?

Answer 37

We are decreasing the intrathoracic volumes that causes an increase in intrathoracic pressure Intrathoracic pressure is greater than atmoshpere pressure

Question 38

What is normal resting ventilation rate?

Answer 38

It is 12 to 18 breaths per minute

Question 39

As you inhale, whats happening?

Answer 39

You are expanding your thoracic cavity volume and reducing pressure, the gases then move from a higher to lower pressure, outside to inside

Question 40

What stimulates the process of breathing?

Answer 40

The primary drive for ventilation is the need to get CO2 out of the body

Question 41

What sets the ventilation rate?

Answer 41

The amount of CO2 in the arterial blood

Question 42

What is normal arterial CO2?

Answer 42

35-45 mm if our arterial CO2 is normal, our ventilation rate would be normal too, 12 to 18 breaths

Question 43

True or False: Our goal is to get rid of the CO2 at different times then when the body is producing it

Answer 43

FALSE

Question 44

If CO2 value is at 60mm...

Answer 44

The value is too high and the ventilation rate increases

Question 45

If CO2 value is at 20 mm....

Answer 45

The value is too low and the ventilation rate decreases

Question 46

Why does the ventilation rate follow the CO2 levels?

Answer 46

So that the body can acheive homeostasis

Question 47

If ventilation rates increase.....

Answer 47

The arterial Pco2 decreases because we are blowing off more CO2

Question 48

If the ventilation rates decrease....

Answer 48

The arterial Pco2 increases because we build up that CO2 instead