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Biol 243 > Ch 21 blood vessels > Flashcards

Ch 21 blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Compared to arteries, veins

A

have thinner walls.

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2
Q

The smallest arterial branches are called the

A

arterioles

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3
Q

The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the

A

external elastic membrane.

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4
Q

In arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers associated with the tunica intima is called the

A

internal elastic membrane

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5
Q

Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.

A

reduces; increases

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6
Q

Which of the following vessels changes diameter most readily to local conditions or SNS stimulation?

A

arterioles

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7
Q

Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the

A

precapillary sphincter.

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8
Q

What vessels contain elastic fibers in the walls that are stretched during systole?

A

arteries

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9
Q

Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following

A
  • muscular compression.
  • the respiratory pump.
  • the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries.
  • valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood.
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10
Q

Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except

A

pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.

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11
Q

Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body’s blood?

A

veins

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12
Q

The ________ are small blood vessels that nourish tissue components in the wall of large arteries and veins.

A

vasa vasorum

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13
Q

The tunica intima consists of

A

simple squamous epithelium and loose connective tissue

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14
Q

What are the layers of blood vessels from outside to inside?

A

tunica externa; tunica media; tunica interna

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15
Q

What is the difference between elastic arteries and muscular arteries?

A

Elastic arteries have elastic fibers throughout the tunica media whereas muscular arteries have few elastic fibers in the tunica media.

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16
Q

Which vessel has only the tunica intima layer?

A

capillary

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17
Q

In the bone marrow, new blood cells must enter the circulation through

A

sinusoidal capillaries

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18
Q

What structural component gives arteries the ability to passively adapt to changes in blood pressures that accompany the heartbeat?

A

elastic fibers

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19
Q

Which of the following can be stated based on at least one of the graphs shown here?

A

Which of the following can be stated based on at least one of the graphs shown here?

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20
Q

Which of the following would increase vascular resistance? increased vessel length, increased vessel luminal diameter, turbulence. (Figure 21-7)

A

increased vessel length and turbulence

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21
Q

Resistance is a force that

A

decreases blood flow.

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22
Q

Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the

A

arterioles dilate.

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23
Q

Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased

A

parasympathetic innervation.

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24
Q

Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries?

A

both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure

25
Q

If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be

A

doubled

26
Q

In which of the following would the blood flow be highest?

A

a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

27
Q

The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the

A

concentration of plasma proteins

28
Q

Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue except

A

increased hematocrit

29
Q

In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter, a vessel with a small diameter has

A

a greater resistance to blood flow.

30
Q

As blood circulates from arteries into capillaries, the total cross-sectional area of capillaries

A

increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.

31
Q

The force that moves fluid out of capillaries is ________ pressure whereas the opposing force that moves fluid into capillaries is ________ pressure.

A

hydrostatic; colloid osmotic

32
Q

Some of the fluid that is forced out of capillaries is returned to the blood by the

A

lymphatic system

33
Q

Edema may occur when

A
  • Edema may occur when the plasma concentration of protein is reduced,
  • capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated,
  • the capillary endothelium permeability goes up
34
Q

You can expect children to have lower blood pressures than adults on average because

A

their blood vessel length is less.

35
Q

Total systemic cross-sectional area is highest in

A

capillaries

36
Q

Which of the following is true of arteries compared to other vessels?

A

Blood pressure and velocity are highest.

37
Q

Which of the following is true of capillaries compared to other vessels?

A

Cross-sectional area is highest and velocity is lowest.

38
Q

When the net filtration pressure is negative, what process is occurring?

A

Fluid is moving back into the capillary.

39
Q

Identify how the heart will respond given the imbalance shown in the image.

A

Cardiac output will increase.

40
Q

Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors reflexively results in

A

increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system.

41
Q

Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased

A

parasympathetic stimulation of the heart

42
Q

Which of the following changes does not occur during exercise compared to rest?

A

Skin blood flow is lower.

43
Q

When muscle cells contract, they release substances that cause nearby precapillary sphincters to relax. This is an example of __________.

A

utoregulation

44
Q

Which of the following is true of both lymphatic capillaries and blood capillaries?

A

Both types are composed of endothelium.

45
Q

Lymphatic vessels provide a conduit for metastasizing cancer cells. Ideally, such cells are removed and destroyed by what structure, which thus prevents the spread of cancer?

A

lymph nodes

46
Q

What feature do lymphatic vessels share with veins that allows lymph to flow in only one direction? (Figure 22-3)

A

valves

47
Q

What types of cells are found in the white pulp of the spleen and in the red pulp of the spleen? (Figure 22-8)

A

lymphocytes; red blood cells

48
Q

The lymphatic system does all of the following

A
  • transports lipids from the digestive tract.
  • eliminates variations in the composition of interstitial fluid.
  • helps maintain normal blood volume.
  • fights infection.
49
Q

The lymphatic system does all of the following except

A

transports gases to and away from lymph nodes.

50
Q

Compared to blood capillaries, lymph capillaries exhibit all of the following except that they

A

are smaller in diameter.

51
Q

Lymph nodes do all of the following except

A

remove excess nutrients from the lymph.

52
Q

________ are large lymphatic nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx

A

Tonsils

53
Q

Lymphatic organs differ from lymphatic tissues in what way?

A

They are surrounded by a fibrous capsule and lymphatic tissues are not.

54
Q

Lymphatic capillaries are known for all of the following except

A

allowing nutrient and gas exchange.

55
Q

Stem cells that can form all types of lymphocytes are concentrated in the

A

red bone marrow

56
Q

If the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosins, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of

A

T cells

57
Q

The primary lymphoid tissues include

A

the bone marrow and thymus

58
Q

Large lymphatic vessels have a wall structure most similar to which blood vessel?

A

veins

59
Q

The lymphoid organ that acts like a filter as lymph passes through is

A

lymph nodes

Biol 243 (5 decks)

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