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Microbiology Exam 2 > Ch. 20 - Microbial Diseases of Nervous system and Eyes > Flashcards

Ch. 20 - Microbial Diseases of Nervous system and Eyes Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of environment is the CNS?

A

axenic

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2
Q

What 4 ways can pathogens access the CNS?

A

Breaks in bones/meninges
Medical procedures
Peripheral neurons
Infect and kills cells of meninges

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3
Q

What are the two ways that bacteria cause disease in the nervous system?

A

INFECT CELLS of the nervous system.

Bacteria growing elsewhere RELEASE TOXINS that affect neurons.

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4
Q

2 types of diseases that infect cells of n.s.?

A

Meningitis

leprosy

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5
Q

2 types of diseases that affect n.s. by toxins released by bacteria?

A

Botulism

tetanus

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6
Q

Major symptom of bacterial meningitis?

A

sever high fever and SEVERE MENINGEAL INFLAMMATION

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7
Q

What causes meningitis in college students, MC

A

Neisseria meningitis

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8
Q

What is the sign of Neisseria meningitis?

A

Purple spotted rash.

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9
Q

Neisseria meningitis is known as the “___”

A

meningococcus

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10
Q

Mode of transmission for Neisseria meningitis?

A

Respiratory droplets

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11
Q

What type of pathogen causes Neisseria meningitis?

A

Bacteria (gram -)

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12
Q

This is known as “pneumococcus”

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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13
Q

MC bacterial meningitis in adults is?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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14
Q

Mode of transmission for streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Respiratory droplets

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15
Q

What type of pathogen is streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Bacteria (gram +)

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16
Q

MC cause of meningitis in children

A

haemophilus influenza b

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17
Q

What type of pathogen is haemophilus influenza b?

A

Bacteria (Gram -)

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18
Q

This type of meningitis affects babies, elderly, and pregnant women.

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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19
Q

What type of pathogen is listeria monocytogenes?

A

Bacteria (Gram +)

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20
Q

Mode of transmission for listeria monocytogenes?

A

Contaminated food or drink

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21
Q

Meningitis in premature babies and infants

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

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22
Q

Type of pathogen for streptococcus agalactiae?

A

Bacteria (gram +)

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23
Q

Mode of transmission for streptococcus agalactiae?

A

At birth via passage through the birth canal or by health care personal.

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24
Q

Listeria monocytogenes can survive in ____?

A

Cold environments

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25
Q

This type of meningitis is present in normal flora in 50% of women.

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

26
Q

Poliomyelitis is caused by what virus?

A

Poliovirus

27
Q

What type of pathogen is poliovirus?

A

RNA virus

28
Q

Mode of transmission for poliomyelitis?

A

By drinking contaminated water (fecal-oral) MC

29
Q

Poliomyelitis aka

A

Infantile paralysis

30
Q

What is the common crippling deterioration with polio called?

A

Portfolio syndrome

31
Q

What two vaccines are there for polio?

A

OPV, IPV

32
Q

Which polio vaccine is no longer given in US?

A

OPV

33
Q

Which famous person diagnosed with polio?

A

FDR

34
Q

What type of polio has muscle spasms and back pain.

A

nonparalytic polio

35
Q

What percentage of poliomyelitis causes paralytic polio?

A

1%

36
Q

What percentage of polio cases are asymptomatic infections?

A

Almost 90%

37
Q

What type of pathogen is the rabies virus?

A

RNA virus

38
Q

How does transmission usually happen with rabies?

A

Through a bite, break in skin or inhalation.

39
Q

What is the classical zoonotic disease of animals?

A

rabies

40
Q

What is the source of most rabies cases in US?

A

bats

41
Q

When is it too late to intervene with rabies?

A

By the time the symptoms occur.

42
Q

The rabies virus capsid is what shape?

A

“bullet shaped”

43
Q

The encephalitis viruses are all what type of pathogens?

A

RNA viruses

44
Q

Eastern Equine Encephalitis is mostly found where?

A

East of the Mississippi river

45
Q

Western equine encephalitis is mostly found where?

A

West of the Mississippi river

46
Q

Venezuelan equine encephalitis is mostly found where?

A

In Texas

47
Q

Which has a higher mortality rate? WEE or EEE?

A

EEE

48
Q

EEE is also not as what?

A

Sleeping sickness (NOT African kind)

49
Q

EEE is what class BSL?

A

3

50
Q

What is the vector for all the encephalitis viruses except one?

A

mosquitos

51
Q

When do the seizures begin with EEE, VEE, and WEE?

A

3-10s after the bite of the infected mosquito

52
Q

Encephalitis viruses are also called

A

arboviruses

53
Q

Which viral infection was named after an outbreak in St. Louis?

A

St. Louis encephalitis

54
Q

What should you avoid in order to avoid getting West Nile Encephalitis?

A

Avoid handling dead birds

55
Q

80% of the people are ______ with West Nile Encephalitis.

A

asymptomatic

56
Q

Which encephalitis presents initially with viremia and the symptoms are usually mild?

A

California (Lacrosse) encephalitis

57
Q

What is the vector for Tick borne encephalitis?

A

Hard tick

58
Q

What kind of disease is the tick borne encephalitis?

A

emerging

59
Q

What causes cryptococcal meningitis?

A

cryptococcus neoformans

60
Q

What type of organism/pathogen is Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

fungus

61
Q

Mode of transmission for cryptococcal neoformans?

A

Opportunistic pathogen- inhalation of spores or dried yeast cells.

62
Q

What is the most common form of cryptococcal infection?

A

Cryptococcal neoformans

Microbiology Exam 2 (9 decks)

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