Ch. 20 Cultural Evidence Flashcards
What are the six cultural periods
Oldowan Acheulin Mousterian Aurignacian Solutrean Magdalenian
What are the six cultural periods and which species falls under which
Australo: Oldowan
Habilis: Oldowan
Erectus: Acheulin
Neanderthal: Mousterian
Cro-magnon:
Aurignacian
Solutrean
Magdalenian
What is the temporal and geographical distribution for australopth
- Africa
- 1.5-4 million
What is the temporal distribution and geographical for habilis
- Africa
- 1.8 million
What is the temporal distribution and geographical for erectus
- africa, europe, asia
- 300 000- 1.8
What is the temporal distribution and geographical for neanderthal
- europe, western asia
- 35 000- 100 000
What is the temporal distribution and geographical for cromagnon
- 10 000 - 30 000
- europe
What is the general trend in tool material
stone > bone and antler
What is the general trend in tool type
flake > blade
What is the general trend in manufacture of tool
basic > developed tools to make other tools
as needed > carried around
What is the general trend in movement
nomadic > settled
What is the general trend in social development
independent > interdependence (home bases), communication
What is the general trend in effect of environment
large > limited (tools + fire modified environment to needs)
What is the general trend in fire use
not used > dependant + exploited for range of uses
What is the general trend in diet
vegetarian > predominately meat
What was the cultural period of Austral. and what is it characterised by
Oldowan
- simple pebble tools
What was the material used and manufacturing techniques for the oldowan cultural period
Materials: stone
Manufacturing techniques: choppers, flakes, made by removing several flakes from stone
Explain australo. in terms of migration
- tools enabled to leave and colonise other areas
- reason for migration unknown, search more productive environments during drier glacial period
What was the diet and use of fire for australo.
vegetarian and no fire
What cultural period was homo habilis
oldowan
what were several key developments in the social devleopemtn during homo habilis
- hunting parties
- gender roles
- sharing food
What was the cultural period of erectus and what is it characterised by
acheulin
- hand axe, (hammers, cleavers)
What was the material used and manufacturing techniques for the acheulein cultural period
Material: stone and bone
MT: flaked around edges, forming bilateraly symmetrical 2 faced lump
Explain the diet of erectus
- major source= gathering
- organised hunts used to get meat (bones found suggest)
did erectus use fire
yes
explain the use of fire of erectus (4 uses)
- Keep predators away
- gave warmth and illumination (important during migration + extend time for tool making)
- stampede animals
- cooking (increase range due to flavour and digestibility + safer to eat)
What was the cultural period of neanderthal and what is it characterised by
mousterien
= careful preparation of stone core with flakes removed
What was the material used and manufacturing techniques for the mousterian cultural period
material: stone
MT: removal of flakes on stone core
State three important social developments of neanderthals
- social system for sharing food and resources
- ceremonial burial
- care for disabled
What are the three eras for cro magnon
- aurignacian
- solution
- magdelanian
What was the cultural period aurignacian characterised by
- manufacture of blade tools (rather than flake)
What was the material used for the aurigancian cultural period
- used bone and antler
- flint tools
art was first found in what period and what are its two types
- aurignacian
- portable and mural
What was the cultural period solutrean characterised by
pressure flaking
- willow leaf and laurel leaf points
What was the cultural period magdelanian characterised by
- dominance of bone and antler of flint and stone
What was the material used and manufacturing techniques for the magdelanian cultural period
material: bone and antler
MT: made using burin or chisel like cutter (tool used to make other tools)
What is the neolithic revolution
change from nomadic to village
domestication of plants and animals, construction of permanent living
What enabled to settled life (flow)
domestication of crops and animals > food stroedL more food > increased birth rate > village
