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WACE Human Biology > Ch. 20 Cultural Evidence > Flashcards

Ch. 20 Cultural Evidence Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the six cultural periods

A 
Oldowan 
Acheulin 
Mousterian 
Aurignacian
Solutrean
Magdalenian
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2
Q

What are the six cultural periods and which species falls under which

A

Australo: Oldowan

Habilis: Oldowan

Erectus: Acheulin

Neanderthal: Mousterian

Cro-magnon:
Aurignacian
Solutrean
Magdalenian

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3
Q

What is the temporal and geographical distribution for australopth

A
  • Africa

- 1.5-4 million

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4
Q

What is the temporal distribution and geographical for habilis

A
  • Africa

- 1.8 million

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5
Q

What is the temporal distribution and geographical for erectus

A
  • africa, europe, asia

- 300 000- 1.8

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6
Q

What is the temporal distribution and geographical for neanderthal

A
  • europe, western asia

- 35 000- 100 000

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7
Q

What is the temporal distribution and geographical for cromagnon

A
  • 10 000 - 30 000

- europe

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8
Q

What is the general trend in tool material

A

stone > bone and antler

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9
Q

What is the general trend in tool type

A

flake > blade

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10
Q

What is the general trend in manufacture of tool

A

basic > developed tools to make other tools

as needed > carried around

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11
Q

What is the general trend in movement

A

nomadic > settled

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12
Q

What is the general trend in social development

A

independent > interdependence (home bases), communication

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13
Q

What is the general trend in effect of environment

A

large > limited (tools + fire modified environment to needs)

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14
Q

What is the general trend in fire use

A

not used > dependant + exploited for range of uses

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15
Q

What is the general trend in diet

A

vegetarian > predominately meat

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16
Q

What was the cultural period of Austral. and what is it characterised by

A

Oldowan

- simple pebble tools

17
Q

What was the material used and manufacturing techniques for the oldowan cultural period

A

Materials: stone

Manufacturing techniques: choppers, flakes, made by removing several flakes from stone

18
Q

Explain australo. in terms of migration

A
  • tools enabled to leave and colonise other areas

- reason for migration unknown, search more productive environments during drier glacial period

19
Q

What was the diet and use of fire for australo.

A

vegetarian and no fire

20
Q

What cultural period was homo habilis

A

oldowan

21
Q

what were several key developments in the social devleopemtn during homo habilis

A
  • hunting parties
  • gender roles
  • sharing food
22
Q

What was the cultural period of erectus and what is it characterised by

A

acheulin

- hand axe, (hammers, cleavers)

23
Q

What was the material used and manufacturing techniques for the acheulein cultural period

A

Material: stone and bone
MT: flaked around edges, forming bilateraly symmetrical 2 faced lump

24
Q

Explain the diet of erectus

A
  • major source= gathering

- organised hunts used to get meat (bones found suggest)

25
Q

did erectus use fire

A

yes

26
Q

explain the use of fire of erectus (4 uses)

A
  1. Keep predators away
  2. gave warmth and illumination (important during migration + extend time for tool making)
  3. stampede animals
  4. cooking (increase range due to flavour and digestibility + safer to eat)
27
Q

What was the cultural period of neanderthal and what is it characterised by

A

mousterien

= careful preparation of stone core with flakes removed

28
Q

What was the material used and manufacturing techniques for the mousterian cultural period

A

material: stone
MT: removal of flakes on stone core

29
Q

State three important social developments of neanderthals

A
  • social system for sharing food and resources
  • ceremonial burial
  • care for disabled
30
Q

What are the three eras for cro magnon

A
  • aurignacian
  • solution
  • magdelanian
31
Q

What was the cultural period aurignacian characterised by

A
  • manufacture of blade tools (rather than flake)
32
Q

What was the material used for the aurigancian cultural period

A
  • used bone and antler

- flint tools

33
Q

art was first found in what period and what are its two types

A
  • aurignacian

- portable and mural

34
Q

What was the cultural period solutrean characterised by

A

pressure flaking

- willow leaf and laurel leaf points

35
Q

What was the cultural period magdelanian characterised by

A
  • dominance of bone and antler of flint and stone
36
Q

What was the material used and manufacturing techniques for the magdelanian cultural period

A

material: bone and antler
MT: made using burin or chisel like cutter (tool used to make other tools)

37
Q

What is the neolithic revolution

A

change from nomadic to village

domestication of plants and animals, construction of permanent living

38
Q

What enabled to settled life (flow)

A

domestication of crops and animals > food stroedL more food > increased birth rate > village

WACE Human Biology (21 decks)

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