Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm 101 > Ch. 20 & Ch. 21- Cholinergic/Cholinergic Blocking > Flashcards

Ch. 20 & Ch. 21- Cholinergic/Cholinergic Blocking Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are cholinergic drugs?

A

Drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some other terms for cholinergic drugs?

A

Cholinergic agonists

Parasympathomimetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What neurotransmitter do cholinergic drugs mimic the effect of?

A

Acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the cholinergic effects of acetylcholine?

A 
SLUDGE
Salivation
Lacrimation (tearing of eyes)
Urination
Diarrhea
GI increased motility
Emesis (vomiting)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are nicotinic receptors and where are they located?

A

In both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Cause constriction of blood vessels, increased BP, pupil constriction, increased motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why are nicotinic receptors named this?

A

Because they are stimulated by nicotine, in tobacco plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are muscarinic receptor and where are they located?

A

In smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. Post synaptically in the effector organs of the parasympathetic nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why are muscarinic receptors named this?

A

They are stimulated by muscarine, found in mushrooms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do cholinergic drugs work?

A

Either directly (go and block the receptor site) or indirectly (inhibit the enzyme or stimulate the post synaptic release of ACH at the receptor site)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do indirect-acting (cholinesterase inhibitors) work?

A

They bind to cholinesterase in two ways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two ways that indirect-acting (cholinesterase inhibitors) bind to cholinesterase?

A

Reversible- they bind to the cholinesterase for minutes to hours
Irreversible- they bind to cholinesterase and form and irreversible covalent bond. Must make new cholinterase in body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

At recommended doses, which receptors do cholinergic drugs primarily effect?

A

Muscarinic receptors. These are many of the desired effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

At high doses, which receptors do cholinergic drugs primarily effect?

A

Nicotinic receptors. These are many of the undesired effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do direct acting drugs do?

A

Reduce intraocular pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are direct acting drugs administered and why?

A

Topical application because of poor oral absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is bethanechol?

A

A prototype direct acting drug that increases tone and motility of bladder and GI tract. R lazes sphincters in bladder and GI tract

17
Q

What are indirect drugs? (Indirect acting cholinergic agonists)

A

Cause skeletal muscle contractions. Used to reverse neuromuscular blocking drugs, and reverse anticholinergic poisoning (antidote)

18
Q

What are indirect acting drugs (indirect acting cholinergic agonists) commonly used for?

A

To treat mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease (Donepezil)

19
Q

What are adverse effects of cholinergic drugs a result of?

A

Overstimulation of the PSNS

20
Q

What is ginkgo commonly used to treat?

A

organic brain syndrome, vertigo, tinnitus

21
Q

What are the adverse effects of gingko?

A

GI upset, headache, bleeding, allergic skin reactions

22
Q

What do cholinergic drugs stimulate and mimic?

A

Cholinergic drugs stimulate the PSNS and mimic the action of ACh

23
Q

What is the antidote for cholinergics?

A

Atropine

24
Q

What are the therapeutic responses we want from cholinergic drugs?

A

Increased bowel sounds, passage of flatus, BMs, urination within 60 min

25
Q

What is he primary neurotransmitter for cholinergics?

A

Acetylcholine

26
Q

What are cholinergic blocking drugs?

A

Drugs that block or inhibit the actions of acetylcholine in the PSNS

27
Q

What’s another name for cholinergic blocking drugs?

A

Anticholinergics

28
Q

What is the mechanism of action for cholinergic blocking drugs?

A

Competitive antagonists that compete with ACh. Block ACh at muscarinic receptors in the PSNS. Then these drugs inhibit nerve transmission

29
Q

What is atropine?

A

A cholinergic blocking drug that is used primarily for cardiovascular disorders. It’s natural.

Pharm 101 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions