Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm 101 > Ch. 18 and Ch. 19- Adrenergic/Adrenergic blocking > Flashcards

Ch. 18 and Ch. 19- Adrenergic/Adrenergic blocking Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are adrenergic drugs?

A

Drugs that stimulate the Sympathetic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are adrenergic receptors?

A

Receptors for the sympathetic neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the types of adrenergic receptors?

A

Alpha-adrenergic, beta-adrenergic, and dopaminergic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are dopaminergic receptors?

A

Receptors for that respond only to dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where are Alpha1 Receptors located?

A

On the postsynaptic effector cells of the tissue, muscle, or organ that the nerve stimulates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where are Alpha2 Receptors located?

A

On the presynaptic nerve terminals (the nerve that stimulates the effector cell). Alpha2 Receptors control the release of neurotransmitters.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the predominant response you’re going to get from an alpha-adrenergic agonist?

A

Vasoconstriction and CNS stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are Beta 1 receptors located?

A

Primarily in the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are Beta 2 receptors located?

A

In the smooth muscle of the bronchioles, arterioles, and visceral organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the beta-adrenergic agonist response?

A

Smooth muscle relaxation in bronchioles, GI, and uterine.
Glycogenolysis- muscles and tissues using glucose.
Cardiac stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does dopamine cause?

A

Dilation in the blood vessels, especially kidneys, mesentary, coronary, cerebral blood flow. Results in increased blood flow. Increases perfusion to brain, kidneys, and heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are catecholamines made?

A

They can be produced by your body (endogenous), or they can be produced synthetically by a drug company.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are catecholamines?

A

Substances that can produce a sympathetic response, such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine (endogenous) and dobutamine, phenylephrine (synthetic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are examples of endogenous catecholamines?

A

Epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are examples of synthetic catecholamines?

A

Dobutamine, phenylephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does endogenous mean?

A

Made by the human body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does a direct-acting sympathomimetic do?

A

Bind directly to the receptor and cause a physiologic response

18
Q

What are some other terms for adrenergic drugs?

A

Sympathomimetics, adrenergic agonists

19
Q

What does an indirect-acting sympathomimetic do?

A

Causes the release of catecholamines (from storage sites in nerve endings aka vesicles). Catecholamines then bind to receptors and cause a physiologic response.

20
Q

What does a mixed-acting sympathomimetic do?

A

It uses both indirect and direct acting. Some may cause release of catecholamines, which will bind to receptors. And some will bind directly to the receptor.

21
Q

Stimulation of alpha adrenergic receptors causes what response?

A

Vasoconstriction. Ex: Contraction of pupillary muscles of the eye, dilated pupils=better vision

22
Q

What are cardioselective sympathomimetics?

A

Vasoactive adrenergic drugs which effect both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors. Used during cardiac failure or cardiac shock.

23
Q

What are some examples of cardioselective sympathomimetics?

A

Dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine (all prototypes)

Dobutamine, ephedrine, fenoldapam

24
Q

What is epinephrine?

A

Secreted by adrenal medulla. AKA adrenaline. It’s a vasopressor.

25
Q

What is dopamine?

A

Causes pleasure symptoms of brain (sexual, mostly). Huge connection between dopamine and addiction. Primary for preservation of the species (this tastes good, I need more so I don’t starve, etc).

26
Q

What are the adverse effects of the alpha adrenergic drugs?

A

CNS: Headache, restlessness, excitement
Cardiovascular: Increased heartrate, palpitation (disrhythmias), HTN
GI: N/V, Loss of appetite

27
Q

What are the adverse effects of the beta adrenergic drugs?

A

Mainly the same as alpha adrenergic. Just bad stuff, could go any way.

28
Q

What are some of the interactions of adrenergic drugs?

A

With anesthetic drugs: increased risk of cardiac disrythmias
With tricyclic antidepressants: Increased vasopressor effects, respiratory depression
With MAOIs: Life-threatening hypertensive crisis
With antihistamines: Increased effect of adrenergic drugs

29
Q

Why can’t patients use nasal decongestants with adrenergic drugs?

A

Can cause rebound nasal congestion or ulcerations

30
Q

What is another name for adrenergic blockers?

A

Adrenergic antagonists
Sympatholytics
Alpha-blockers, beta-blockers, or alpha-beta blockers

31
Q

What are the alpha adrenergic blockers used for?

A

Their effects on the vascular smooth muscle and small arteries. Cause vasodilation. They decrease BP. They treat benign prostatic hypertrophy (dilate ute

32
Q

What are the beta adrenergic blockers used for?

A

To block beta adrenergic drugs. Slow the heart down. Many used to treat HTN.

33
Q

What do adrenergic blockers mainly do?

A

Have the opposite effect of adrenergic drugs. Inhibit, or lyse, sympathetic stimulation.

34
Q

How does the competitive blockade work?

A

The adrenergic blockers physically block the receptor, so the neurotransmitter can’t get in.

35
Q

How does the noncompetitive blockade work?

A

The adrenergic blocker makes a covalent bond at the receptor site, so it won’t respond to the neurotransmitter at all because its already bonded to the blocker.

36
Q

What is the primary response of the alpha blockers?

A

Vasodilation. Reduces peripheral vascular resistance. So primarily used to treat HTN.

37
Q

What is phentolamine?

A

An alpha-blocker. Reverses the effect of a vasoconstrictor like epinephrine. Restores blood flow and prevents tissue necrosis.

38
Q

What are some common alpha-blockers?

A

Phentolamine (regitine), and tamsulosin (flomax)

39
Q

What do beta-blockers do?

A

Block stimulation of beta receptors in sympathetic nervous system by competing with norepinephrine and epinephrine.

40
Q

What beta-blockers target the beta1 receptors?

A

Cardioselective beta-blockers

41
Q

What effect do nonselective beta-blockers have?

A

Same as cardioselective beta-blockers

42
Q

What’s an example of a beta-blocker?

A

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

Pharm 101 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions