Ch 2 Vocabulary Flashcards
State
Refers to a sovereign, internationally recognized, geographically defined territory with a population and a government
Nation
Refers to a shared cultural or ethnic identity rather than to a legally recognized geographical territory
Nation-state
A type of state that provides sovereign territory for a particular culture or ethnic group. However, it is also frequently used interchangeably with the terms “state” and “country.”
Secular
Not religious
Bubonic plague/Black Death
A pandemic caused by a bacterium that swept through Central Asia and Europe around the 1340s, killing millions
temporal affairs
refers to secular, rather than sacred, matters
indulgence
in the catholic faith, after a sinner has confessed and received absolution, the guilt of sin is removed but temporal punishment is still required by Divine Justice, either in this life or in Purgatory. An indulgence removes the temporal punishment that the penitent had incurred in the sight of God
Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther’s attempt to reform the Catholic Church that led to a schism within the church and the development of the Protestant sect.
Thirty Years War
Beginning as a religious conflict, it spread across Europe and devasted the continen, lasting from 1618 to 1648
Peace of Westphalia
Common term for two treaties signed in 1648 to end Europe’s Thirty Years War
Westphalian System
the current political structure of the sovereignty of the nation-state
sovereign/sovereignty
the principle that emerged from the Peace of Westphalia (1648) which suggests that a political entity has the sole authority to make decisions about policy, procedure, and institutions within a given geographical territory
colonialism
one territorial sovereign exerting control and sovereignty over another land by usurping control from local leaders, thereb destroying indigenous culture, economies, and political structures
ecomienda system
a forced labor system introduced by the Spanish during the conquest of the Americas that effectively transferred indigenous land to the Conquistadors and made the local populations landless slaves
Cold War
refers to the ideological stand-off between two superpowers, the United States and the Sovient Union, from 1945 to 1989. While not directly fighting one another, each side sought to expand its influence by keeping the other from spreading its form of government and political system, resulting in many proxy wars throughout the world.
