Ch 2 The Structure of Matter

Question 1

groups on the PTOE are:

Answer 1

vertical, 8, tell you the number of electrons in the outermost shell, groups act chemically the same

Question 2

periods on the PTOE are:

Answer 2

horizontal, 7, tells you the maximum number of shells you can have (K-Q)

Question 3

the K shell can only have __ electrons

Answer 3

2

Question 4

the outermost shell can only have ___ electrons

Answer 4

8 or less

Question 5

*the smallest part of an element is _____

Answer 5

an atom

Question 6

Dmitri Mendeleev:

Answer 6

showed that elements in order of increasing atomic mass (A) created a repetition of similar chemical properties (1st PTOE)

Question 7

Niels Bohr:

Answer 7

1913 created the solar system atom, electrons revolve around a nucleus in orbits, nucleus is positive, electrons are negative

Question 8

*The fundamental particles of an atom are the:

Answer 8

electron, proton & neutron

Question 9

1 atomic mass unit (amu) is equal to:

Answer 9

1/2 the mass of a carbon-12 atom

Question 10

amu of an electron:

Answer 10

0

Question 11

amu of a proton:

Answer 11

1

Question 12

amu of a neutron:

Answer 12

1

Question 13

*The atom is essentially:

Answer 13

empty space

Question 14

the number of protons determines the:

Answer 14

chemical element

Question 15

*In their normal state atoms are electrically:

Answer 15

neutral, their charge is 0

Question 16

to eject an electron (to ionize an atom) from an atom you need ___

Answer 16

34 eV

Question 17

*Ionization is:

Answer 17

the removal or addition of an orbital electron from an atom

Question 18

the number of neutrons is always:

Answer 18

greater than the number of protons

Question 19

*No outer shell can have more than__

Answer 19

8 electrons

Question 20

*Centripetal force is:

Answer 20

“center seeking”, the force that keeps an electron in orbit

Question 21

Centrifugal fore is:

Answer 21

“flying out from the center”, so electrons keep their distance from the nucleus, will kick an electron out

Question 22

electron binding energy is:

Answer 22

the strength of attachment of an electron to the nucleus

Question 23

atomic # is:

Answer 23

Z, number of protons, determines chemical behavior

Question 24

atomic mass # is:

Answer 24

A, number of protons and neutrons

Question 25

*The atomic mass number and the precise mass of an atom are:

Answer 25

not equal

Question 26

*istoPe:

Answer 26

have the same number of PROTONS and same atomic number (Z), different mass and neutrons

Question 27

*isobAr:

Answer 27

same ATOMIC MASS (A), different atomic number, neutrons, and protons but same number of nucleons total

Question 28

*isotoNe:

Answer 28

same NEUTRON number, different proton number

Question 29

*isoMer:

Answer 29

metastable, same A, Z, p & n numbers

Question 30

*The smallest particle of a compound is a ___

Answer 30

molecule

Question 31

oxygen and hydrogen makes water by:

Answer 31

covalent bonds

Question 32

*Radioactivity is:

Answer 32

the emission of alpha and beta particles and energy in order to become stable

Question 33

Which is bigger, a Ci or Bq?

Answer 33

Bq

Question 34

the higher the dps the ___ dangerous

Answer 34

more

Question 35

*Radioactive decay results in:

Answer 35

emission of alpha and beta particles and usually gamma rays

Question 36

*Half-life is:

Answer 36

the time required for a quantity of radioactivity to be reduced to one half its original value

Question 37

the radioactivity of a radioisotope steadily:

Answer 37

decreases but never disappears

Question 38

*radioactive decay | activity remaining=

Answer 38

``` original activity (0.5)^n n=number of half lives ```

Question 39

*3.3 half lives=

Answer 39

one tenth a life

Question 40

*an alpha particle is equivalent to:

Answer 40

a helium nucleus

Question 41

an alpha particle has __ neutrons, __ protons, a mass of __ amu, a QF of __, its charge is ___

Answer 41

2 neutrons, 2 protons, a mass of 4 amu, a QF of 20, charge of 2 positive units

Question 42

a beta particle is a ____, has an atomic mass of __ amu, its charge is ____, is aka ____

Answer 42

electron emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive atom, atomic mass of 0 amu, 1 unit of negative OR positive charge, aka positrons or animatter

Question 43

the only difference between BETA particles and ELECTRONS are:

Answer 43

the origin, beta particles are in the nucleus of radioactive atoms, electrons are in the shells outside of electrons

Question 44

x-rays and gamma rays are ____ radiation, often called ____

Answer 44

electromagnetic radiation, often called photons

Question 45

photons have ___ mass (__amu), ___ charge and travel at___, have ____ range in matter

Answer 45

no mass (0 amu), no charge, travel at the speed of light, unlimited range in matter

Question 46

the only difference between X-RAYS and GAMMA rays are:

Answer 46

their origins, x-rays are in the shells outside of the nucleus, gamma rays are in the nucleus of a radioisotope

Question 47

neutron + protons are aka:

Answer 47

nucleons

Question 48

the PTOE is arranged by:

Answer 48

Z# and proton#

Question 49

the proton# tells you the:

Answer 49

element and chemical behavior

Question 50

the higher the QF the ___ energy transfer

Answer 50

more

Question 51

Be

Answer 51

Beryllium

Question 52

C

Answer 52

Carbon

Question 53

O

Answer 53

Oxygen

Question 54

Al

Answer 54

Aluminum

Question 55

Ca

Answer 55

Calcium

Question 56

Fe

Answer 56

Iron

Question 57

Cu

Answer 57

Copper

Question 58

Mo

Answer 58

Molybdenum

Question 59

Rh

Answer 59

Rhodium

Question 60

Ru

Answer 60

Ruthenium

Question 61

Ag

Answer 61

Silver

Question 62

Sn

Answer 62

Tin

Question 63

I

Answer 63

Iodine

Question 64

Ba

Answer 64

Barium

Question 65

W

Answer 65

Tungsten

Question 66

Re

Answer 66

Rhenium

Question 67

Au

Answer 67

Gold

Question 68

Pb

Answer 68

Lead

Question 69

U

Answer 69

Uranium