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Psychology unit 3 and 4 > ch 2 the human nervous system > Flashcards

ch 2 the human nervous system Flashcards

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1
Q

the nervous system

A

divided into two major sections the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

the central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord. It helps the brain to communicate with the rest of the body by sending messages to the peripheral nervous system

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3
Q

the brain

A

made up of the hindbrain, the midbrain and the forebrain

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4
Q

the hindbrain

A

links to the spinal cord and the rest of the brain and is important for movement and balance

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5
Q

the midbrain

A

coordinates movement, sleep and arousal

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6
Q

the forebrain

A

is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information and for higher-order thinking processes, including problem-solving, planning, memory, language and emotions

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7
Q

what are the 4 main lobes in the cerebral cortex

A

frontal lobe
temporal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe

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8
Q

frontal lobe

A

abstract thought, social skills and planning

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9
Q

temporal lobe

A

hearing, language, and visual recognition

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10
Q

parietal lobe

A

touch, non-verbal thought, and spatial orientation

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11
Q

occipital lobe

A

visual

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12
Q

the spine

A

the bundle of nerve fibres connecting the brain with the peripheral nervous system

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13
Q

sensory neurons

A

neurons that carry information from the body and from the outside into the CNS

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14
Q

somatic nervous system

A

carries sensory information into the CNS and motor commands from the CNS to the skeletal muscles

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15
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

works with the central nervous system to enable you to interact with the environment

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16
Q

the autonomic nervous system

A

communication of info between the CNS and body skeletal muscles, such as the heart and stomach

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17
Q

brocas area

A
  • responsible for speech production
  • controls lips/tongue/vocal cord movement to literally produce words
  • located in the frontal lobe
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18
Q

wernickes area

A
  • responsible for language comprehension and producing grammatically correct speech
  • located in the temporal lobe
19
Q

Geschwind’s territory

A
  • responsible for linking the words we hear to areas of the brain responsible for producing speech
  • a bundle of nerve fibres that connect to Brocas area and Wernickes areas, but more functionally that physically
20
Q

cerebellum

A
  • is located in the hindbrain
  • remembers and coordinates smooth well-sequenced movements
21
Q

basal ganglia

A
  • a group of structures located between the two hemispheres of the brain
  • channels information from various regions to the motor cortex
22
Q

primary motor cortex

A
  • located at the back of the frontal lobe
  • responsible for the movement of (voluntary) skeletal muscles
23
Q

control in the motor cortex

A
  • the left motor cortex controls movement on the right half of the body and vice versa
24
Q

spinal reflexes

A

are automatic responses to sensory stimuli

25
Q

monosynaptic reflex arc

A

a reflex arc made up of two neurons (one sensory and one motor)

26
Q

polysynaptic reflex arc

A

a reflex arc made up of multiple neurons, with one or more interneurons connecting the sensory and motor neurons

27
Q

limbic system

A

the area of the brain that is associated with emotion

28
Q

hippocampus

A
  • involved in the regulation and expression of emotion
  • important for remembering memories that are tied to strong emotions
29
Q

hypothalamus

A

involved in the control of emotion, especially concerning our stress response

30
Q

roles of the amygdala in emotion

A
  • located on the inside of the temporal lobe
  • central to emotion (especially fear) and aggression
  • the right amygdala also appears to be vital on perceiving negative emotions
31
Q

roles of the prefrontal cortex in emotion

A

roles in regulating and modifying emotions, and even deciding between good and bad actions

32
Q

cerebral cortex

A

responsible for receiving information from the environment controlling our responses, and allowing complex voluntary movements and higher-order thinking processes

33
Q

cerebrum

A

part of the brain most responsible for voluntary movement and complex thought processes such as perception, imagination, judgement and decision making

34
Q

corpus callosum

A

the band of neural fibres that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres

35
Q

fight-flight-freeze response

A

a physiological response to stress that causes fight an organism to react in a combative manner(fight) by removing itself from the situation (flight) or by not reacting at all (freeze)

36
Q

homeostasis

A

the state of balance in the body’ metabolism

37
Q

HPA axis

A

a major neuroendocrine system that includes the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and adrenal gland; regulates a person’s digestion, immune system, mood, emotions and their response to stress

38
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

responsible for maintaining our day-to-day functioning and for most of the automatic functions of the body such as digestion, heart rate, breathing and some glandular functions

39
Q

motor neurons

A

neurons that communicate messages from the central nervous system to the particular muscles that an organism intends to move at any particular moment

40
Q

primary somatosensory cortex

A

located at the front of each parietal lobe processes sensations such as touch, pressure, temperature and pain

41
Q

primary visual cortex

A

located in the occipital lobe; processes information from the eyes

42
Q

reflex

A

simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus

43
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

a branch of the autonomic nervous system that activates the fight-flight-freeze response

44
Q

thalamus

A

structure in the brain located between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain, just above the brain stem; responsible for relaying motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex

Psychology unit 3 and 4 (18 decks)

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