Ch. 2 The human body in health and disease Flashcards
aden/o
Gland
adip/o
Fat
anter/o
Front or before
caud/o
Tail or lower part of body
cephal/o
Head
cyt/o
Cell
-cyte
cell
end-
Within, inside
endo-
within, inside
exo-
Out of, outside, away from.
hist/o
tissue
-ologist
specialist
-ology
Study or science of
path/o
Disease, suffering, feeling, emotion.
-pathy
Disease, suffering, feeling, emotion.
plas/i
Formation, development, growth.
plas/o
Formation, development, growth
-plasia
Formation, development, growth.
poster/o
Behind or toward the back
-stasis
Control, maintenance of a constant level.
-static
Control, maintenance of a constant level.
Abdominal cavity
The body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion.
adenectomy
The surgical removal of a gland
adenocarcinoma
A malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue.
adenoma
A benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue.
adenomalacia
Abnormal softening of a gland
adenosclerosis
Abnormal hardening of a gland.
anaplasia
A change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other.
anatomy
The study of the structures of the body.
anomaly
A deviation from what is regarded as normal.
anterior
Situated in front.
aplasia
The defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue.
bloodborne transmission
The spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids contaminated with blood.
caudal
Toward the lower part of the body.
Cephalic
Towards the head
chromosome
A genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell
Communicable disease
Any disease transmitted from one person to another either directly or by contact with contaminated objects
congenital disorder
A abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth.
cytoplasm
the material located within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
distal
Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure.
Dorsal
Back of the body or organ
dysplasia
Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissue, or organs.
endemic
Referring to the ongoing presence of a disease, such as the common cold, within a population, group, or area.
endocrine glands
Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
epidemic
A sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area.
epigastric region
The region located above the stomach.
etiology
The study of the causes of diseases.
exocrine glands
Glands that secrete chemical substances into duct leading either to other organs or out of the body.
functional disorder
Produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified.
genetic disorder
A pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene
geriatrician
A physician who specializes in the care of older people
hemophilia
A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing.
histology
The microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissue
homeostasis
The processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment.
hyperplasia
The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues.
hypertrophy
A general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of the cells in the tissues.
hypogastric region
The region of the abdomen that is located below the stomach.
hypoplasia
The incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells.
iatrogenic illness
unfavorable responses due to prescribed medical treatment.
idiopathic disorder
An illness without known causes.
infectious disease
Illness caused by a living pathogenic organism such as bacteria and viruses.
Inguinal
Relating to the groin; refers to the lower portion of the abdomen including the groin.
medial
The direction toward or near the midline.
mesentery
The fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall.
midsagittal plane
the vertical plane that divides the body, from top to bottom, into equal left and right halves.
nosocomial infection
a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting
pandemic
A disease outbreak occurring over a large geographical area possibly world wide.
pelvic cavity
The space formed by the hip bones that contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory system.
peritoneum
The multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity.
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
phenylketonuria
A genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxyls is missing
physiology
The study of the functions of the body structures.
posterior
situated in back or on the back part of an organ
proximal
Situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure
retroperitoneal
Located behind the peritoneum
stem cells
Unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods of time through cell division
thoracic cavity
the cavity that surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs; also known as the chest cavity
transverse plane
The horizontal plane that divides the body into the upper and lower portions
umbilicus
The pit in the center of the abdominal wall that marks where the umbilical cord was attached before birth
vector-borne transmission
The spread of a disease due to the bite of a vector capable of transmitting that disease
ventral
refers to the front belly side of the body or organ
