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Med Terminology > Ch. 2 The human body in health and disease > Flashcards

Ch. 2 The human body in health and disease Flashcards

1
Q

aden/o

A

Gland

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2
Q

adip/o

A

Fat

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3
Q

anter/o

A

Front or before

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4
Q

caud/o

A

Tail or lower part of body

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5
Q

cephal/o

A

Head

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6
Q

cyt/o

A

Cell

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7
Q

-cyte

A

cell

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8
Q

end-

A

Within, inside

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9
Q

endo-

A

within, inside

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10
Q

exo-

A

Out of, outside, away from.

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11
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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12
Q

-ologist

A

specialist

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13
Q

-ology

A

Study or science of

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14
Q

path/o

A

Disease, suffering, feeling, emotion.

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15
Q

-pathy

A

Disease, suffering, feeling, emotion.

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16
Q

plas/i

A

Formation, development, growth.

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17
Q

plas/o

A

Formation, development, growth

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18
Q

-plasia

A

Formation, development, growth.

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19
Q

poster/o

A

Behind or toward the back

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20
Q

-stasis

A

Control, maintenance of a constant level.

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21
Q

-static

A

Control, maintenance of a constant level.

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22
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

The body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion.

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23
Q

adenectomy

A

The surgical removal of a gland

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24
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

A malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue.

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25
Q

adenoma

A

A benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue.

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26
Q

adenomalacia

A

Abnormal softening of a gland

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27
Q

adenosclerosis

A

Abnormal hardening of a gland.

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28
Q

anaplasia

A

A change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other.

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29
Q

anatomy

A

The study of the structures of the body.

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30
Q

anomaly

A

A deviation from what is regarded as normal.

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31
Q

anterior

A

Situated in front.

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32
Q

aplasia

A

The defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue.

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33
Q

bloodborne transmission

A

The spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids contaminated with blood.

34
Q

caudal

A

Toward the lower part of the body.

35
Q

Cephalic

A

Towards the head

36
Q

chromosome

A

A genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell

37
Q

Communicable disease

A

Any disease transmitted from one person to another either directly or by contact with contaminated objects

38
Q

congenital disorder

A

A abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth.

39
Q

cytoplasm

A

the material located within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus

40
Q

distal

A

Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure.

41
Q

Dorsal

A

Back of the body or organ

42
Q

dysplasia

A

Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissue, or organs.

43
Q

endemic

A

Referring to the ongoing presence of a disease, such as the common cold, within a population, group, or area.

44
Q

endocrine glands

A

Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

45
Q

epidemic

A

A sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area.

46
Q

epigastric region

A

The region located above the stomach.

47
Q

etiology

A

The study of the causes of diseases.

48
Q

exocrine glands

A

Glands that secrete chemical substances into duct leading either to other organs or out of the body.

49
Q

functional disorder

A

Produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified.

50
Q

genetic disorder

A

A pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

51
Q

geriatrician

A

A physician who specializes in the care of older people

52
Q

hemophilia

A

A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing.

53
Q

histology

A

The microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissue

54
Q

homeostasis

A

The processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment.

55
Q

hyperplasia

A

The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues.

56
Q

hypertrophy

A

A general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of the cells in the tissues.

57
Q

hypogastric region

A

The region of the abdomen that is located below the stomach.

58
Q

hypoplasia

A

The incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells.

59
Q

iatrogenic illness

A

unfavorable responses due to prescribed medical treatment.

60
Q

idiopathic disorder

A

An illness without known causes.

61
Q

infectious disease

A

Illness caused by a living pathogenic organism such as bacteria and viruses.

62
Q

Inguinal

A

Relating to the groin; refers to the lower portion of the abdomen including the groin.

63
Q

medial

A

The direction toward or near the midline.

64
Q

mesentery

A

The fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall.

65
Q

midsagittal plane

A

the vertical plane that divides the body, from top to bottom, into equal left and right halves.

66
Q

nosocomial infection

A

a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting

67
Q

pandemic

A

A disease outbreak occurring over a large geographical area possibly world wide.

68
Q

pelvic cavity

A

The space formed by the hip bones that contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory system.

69
Q

peritoneum

A

The multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity.

70
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

71
Q

phenylketonuria

A

A genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxyls is missing

72
Q

physiology

A

The study of the functions of the body structures.

73
Q

posterior

A

situated in back or on the back part of an organ

74
Q

proximal

A

Situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure

75
Q

retroperitoneal

A

Located behind the peritoneum

76
Q

stem cells

A

Unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods of time through cell division

77
Q

thoracic cavity

A

the cavity that surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs; also known as the chest cavity

78
Q

transverse plane

A

The horizontal plane that divides the body into the upper and lower portions

79
Q

umbilicus

A

The pit in the center of the abdominal wall that marks where the umbilical cord was attached before birth

80
Q

vector-borne transmission

A

The spread of a disease due to the bite of a vector capable of transmitting that disease

81
Q

ventral

A

refers to the front belly side of the body or organ

Med Terminology (6 decks)

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