Ch 2 Raw Milk Flashcards
What is the average temperature range of milk, directly from the animal?
100-104F (38-40C)
What conditions do bacteria need to replicate?
Temperature
Water activity
Food source
pH
Oxygen
What can milk producers do to raw milk to help reduce bacterial levels?
Refrigeration
If milk is not properly cooled after milking, these type of bacteria can thrive
Psychrotropic bacteria
If milk is not properly cooled after milking, these type of bacteria can thrive
Psychrotropic bacteria
What is the optimum growth temp range for mesophilic bacteria?
86-99F
What is the most often reported psychrotropic bacteria found in raw milk?
Pseudomonas
According to the PMO, what temperature should milk be cooled to, if not used immediately?
45F or less within two hours of milking
If commingling milk from multiple batches, what are the temperature thresholds?
Cannot exceed 50F and must also be below 45F within two hours of milking
Which grade of milk is regulated under federal milk marketing orders?
Grade A
What can Grade B milk be used for?
Cheese, Butter, Nonfat dry milk
What is the can cooling method?
Method of cooling milk where it is passed through a filter into a milk can that sits in a glycol/water solution that helps to chill. An agitator stirs the milk to help with even cooling.
Must reach <39F within 20 minutes after milking is completed.
Can a milk producer commingle milks from different animals?
No.
Milks from different animals can only be combined at the cheese plant
If storing or cooling milk in cans or milk bags, can you mix the morning milking with the evening milk?
No
What records must a dairy producer keep on hand that encompasses the entire production process
- Cleaning records (kept for 2 years)
- any test records of sanitizers, MSDS, etc for cans/bags
- daily temperature records for tanks, refrigerators, freezers (kept for 2 years)
- production log
- sedimentation and antibiotic testing logs
What are the two basic objectives of a farmer payment schedule when it comes to the purchase of raw milk?
- To balance supply and demand in the market
- To use financial penalties or incentives as a means to improve quality
Who is required to sample the milk and submit those results to regulatory agencies on a monthly basis?
The original purchaser of the milk
Which part of the PMO requires antibiotics testing?
Appendix N of the 2007 PMO
What are the guidelines for record keeping/storage for antibiotic testing as outlined in Appendix N of the PMO?
Results must be kept for 6 months where the tests were completed.
If testing milk from bags or cans, what is the process?
Take a sample from every can/bag and combine them. A composite sample from all the containers is then tested. You cannot test individually
How long should payment documents from the milk producer be kept?
3 years
If buying milk from a cooperative, what documentation should be kept?
Ensure the transport company is fully licensed and has knowledge of what is needed to handle raw milk
According to the PMO, who is responsible for enforcing the sanitation on dairy farms, transfer stations, milk hauling, and processing plants?
Local and State regulatory agencies
How should milk be piped into a tanker container when filling?
Try to have it flow down the sides of the tanker to reduce aeration.
Foaming should be avoided
According to appendix B of the PMO, who is a bulk milk hauler?
One who collects raw milk from a farm and/or raw milk products to or from a milk plant, receiving station or transfer station and has a permit in his possession
What must a dairy plant operator do before unloading any raw milk shipment?
Test for antibiotics. Shipment is on hold until testing is complete
When should raw milk be rejected?
- has an abnormal smell or appearance
- delivered above 45F
- delivered in a visibly soiled vessel
- delivered in a vehicle that is not dedicated to milk or foodstuffs
- has not been adequately protected
- has an excessive storage/transport time
At a minimum, how often should bulk milk tanks be emptied and cleaned?
At least every 72 hours
