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dummies workbook a&p > ch 2 questions > Flashcards

ch 2 questions Flashcards

1
Q

which of the following is NOT a bulk element found in most living matter?

  • carbon
  • oxygen
  • nitrogen
  • potassium
  • sulfur
A

potassium

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2
Q

among the subatomic particles in an atom the two that have equal weight are?

  • neutrons and electrons
  • protons and neutrons
  • positrons and protons
  • neutrons and positrons
A

protons and neutrons

that’s why you add them together to determine atomic weight or mass

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3
Q

for an atom with an atomic number of 19 and an atomic weight og 39, the total number of neutron is

  • 8
  • 19
  • 20
  • 39
  • 58
A

20

  • the atomic number of 19 is the same as the number of protons
  • the atomic weight of 39 tells you the number of protons plus the number of neutrons: 39-19=20
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4
Q

Element X has 14 electrons. How many electrons are in its outermost shell?

  • 2
  • 4
  • 6
  • 8
  • 14
A

4

  • the first orbit has the max two electrons and the second orbit has the max eight electrons
  • that makes ten electrons in the first two orbits leaving only four for the third outermost orbit
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5
Q

A substance that in water seperates into a large number pf hydroxide ions is?

  • a weak acid
  • a weak base
  • a strong acid
  • a strong base
  • neutral
A

a strong base

the hydroxide ions there are the stronger the base is

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6
Q

fill in the blanks

Different isotopes of the same element have the same number of ____ and ____ but different numbers of _______

A
  • electrons/protons
  • protons/electrons
  • neutrons
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7
Q

fill in the blanks

Isotopes also have different atomic _______

A

weights

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8
Q

fill in the blanks

A atom that gains of loses an electron is called an ____

A

ion

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9
Q

fill in the blanks

If an atom loses an electron, it carries a _______ charge

A

positive

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10
Q

oxygen can react with other atoms because it has

  • two electrons in its inner orbit
  • eight protons
  • an incomplete outer electrons orbit
  • eight neutrons
A

two electrons in its inner orbit

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11
Q

covalent bonds are a result of

  • completing an inner electron orbit
  • sharing one or more electrons between atoms
  • deleting neutrons from both atoms
  • reactions between protons
  • transferring electrons to another atom
A

sharing one or more electrons between atoms

if the atoms had gained or lost electrons it would be an ionic bond but here they are sharing – valiantly cohabiting

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12
Q

the formation of chemical bonds is based on the tendency of an atom to

  • move protons into vacant electron orbit spaces
  • fill its outermost energy level
  • radiate excess neutrons
  • pick up free protons
A

fill its outermost energy level

this is true whether an atom fills its outer shell by sharing, gaining, or losing electrons

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13
Q

fill in the blanks

molecules like water are ____ because they share their electrons unequally

A

polar

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14
Q

fill in the blanks

this is due to oxygen having a higher ____ than hydrogen

A

electronegativity

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15
Q

fill in the blanks

as a result, the oxygen side of the molecule has a charge ____ while the hydrogen sides have a ________

A

partial negative
partial positive

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16
Q

fill in the blanks

when exposed to other polar molecules ____ charges attract and they form ____ bonds

A

opposite
hydrogen

17
Q

which of the following statements is not true of DNA

  • DNA is found in the nucleus of the cell
  • DNA can be replicated
  • DNA contains the nitrogenous bases adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil
  • DNA forms a double-helix molecule
  • DNA is made of monomers called nucleotides
A

DNA contains the nitrogenous bases adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil

this is false because only RNA contains uracil

18
Q

polysaccharides

  • can be reduced to fatty acids
  • contain nitrogen and phosphorus
  • are complex carbohydrates
  • are monomers of glucose
  • contain adenine and uracil
A

are complex carbohydrates

  • the root poly means many which can be interpreted as complex
  • the root mono means one which can be interpreted as simple
19
Q

amino acids

  • help reduce carbohydrates
  • are the building blocks of proteins
  • modulate the production of lipids
  • catalyze chemical reactions
  • control nucleic acids
A

buiding blocks of proteins

being such large molecules proteins need to be built from complex molecules to begin with

20
Q

cells obtain ATP by converting the energy in

  • carbs
  • proteins
  • lipids
  • all of these
A

all of these

21
Q

during glycolysis a molecule of glucose is

  • broken down to 2 pyruvates
  • broken down to 2 lipids
  • converted into energy
  • used to oxidize proteins
  • used to release oxygen
A

broken down to 2 pyruvates

remember that glucose must become pyruvic acid before it enters the krebs cycle

22
Q

by the end of cellular respiration a single molecule of glucose can be converted into how many ATP molecules

  • 2
  • 4
  • 24
  • 38
  • 42
A

38

  • two net molecules of ATP come glycolysis
  • two molecules come from the krebs cycle
  • the electron transport chain churns out 34
23
Q

the buildup of lactic acid can lead to all of the following EXCEPT

  • achy feeling muscles
  • tired feeling muscles
  • muscle cramps
  • inability of fibers to contract
A

muscle cramps

  • cramps are caused by sustained fiber contraction
  • lactic acid buildup does just the opposite
  • it prevents the fiber from contracting
24
Q

which two respiration processes take place in the cell’s mitochondria

  • glycolysis and the krebs cycle
  • glycolysis and the electron transport chain
  • the krebs cycle and the electron transport chain
  • the krebs cycle and lactic acid fermentation
  • lactic acid fermentation and glycolysis
A

the krebs cycle and the electron transport chain

the other answers are incorrect because glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm and lactic acid fermentation is not one of the three cellular respiration processes

25
Q

to provide needed reactants for cellular respiration, cells utilize metabolities of the organic molecules we consume in the following order

  • lipids proteins carbs
  • lipids carbs proteins
  • proteins lipids carbs
  • carbs proteins lipids
  • carbs lipids proteins
A
  • carbs
  • lipids
  • proteins

this is why it can be so difficult to burn fat by exercising as your body will first utilize any carbs that are around before breaking down stuborn fat

26
Q

what are the primary products of protein metabolism

  • ATP molecules
  • amino acids
  • lipids
  • simple sugars
  • carbon dioxide molecules
A

amino acids

although some ATP comes from metabolizing proteins the body primarily needs to get amino acids from any protein that is consumed

dummies workbook a&p (13 decks)

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