Ch 2 pp 38- 48 Flashcards
How can I use the Cage example to explain neuroscience?
Study how Cage’s frontal lobe reflects his behavior: brain activity reflects behavior
Using the image on the right, explain the parts of the neuron and its purpose
Fingers are part of the palm, palms are above the head, below the head is a suit, shoes complete the suit
Palms(dendrites) that collect info through fingers(neurotransmitters)
The head (soma/cell body), collects info from the dendrites and organizes it in the brain(nucleus), does other information processing tasks like protein synthesis
3.Then that info goes down through the torso and legs(axon), insulated by the clothing(myelin sheath made of glial cells provide nutrition/support/removal cell waste)
4.Feet are the terminal buttons, “axon release transmitters”
If I am about to touch a hot pan, what type of neuron controls this?
Hot pan is part of the environment, my sensory neurons(afferent neurons) conveyors this to my receptor cells in organs
If I want to lift weight, what type of neurons control the muscles?
Information about Muscles and glands are communicated through motor neuron (efferent neuron)
If my spinal cord hurts, what type of neurons will the doctor examine?
Interneurons connect spinal cord to sensory neurons,:communicates info b/w neurons
Why does depolarization trigger action potential rather than polarization? Use analogy of clothing + body temperature
The cell membrane(body)always wants to be more negative, clothing maintains temperature, to get to this Na and K ions go into and out through channels to reach resting potential at -70 millivolts. However, all at once I take off all my clothes and now I’m freezing, this is the All or None law -55 milivolts, meaning cell membrane depolarizes. This is action potential which involves, rippling effect in form of electrical impulses across axon(shivers)
Using the analogy above, if I put on too many clothes what period what that be called?
Refractory period, too much clothing=overheated, passes negative charge of -70
What is the synapse junction? *can’t really use the analogy of above, sorry
Synapse-Terminal buttons release neurotransmitters,absorbed by dendrites of another
What are the two types of neutrotransmitters?
Inhibitor and exhibitor
What are inhibitors?
inhibitors(reduce likelihood of action potential)
If I have Huntington disease, how might my behavior and chemical functioning compare with alcohol?
inhibitors: Huntington disease means you’re unable to generally function both physically and intellectually, this behavior is similar to an alcoholic who is unable to control their behavior and think coherently. The latter results because of alcoholism and is temporary while Huntington disease is permanent because of low levels of Gaba.
Gaba=Inhibitory messages
Why might I take prozac if I have depression?
Inhibitors: Prozac is an antidepressant meaning that it counteracts depression, it does so by increasing serotonin in a certain area of the brain which regulates the sleep, emotional state, and sensory sensation of an otherwise unstable person.
Serotonin: Emotional states,Sleep,Sensory perception
If I am in extreme pain, why might I be prone to opiod addiction?
Inhibitors: If I’m in extreme pain, I want a pain reliever and I want to be happy again, taking opioids will increase my endorphins levels.
Endorphins: Pain perception
Positive emotions
What are exhibitors?
Exhibitory(increase likelihood of action potential firing)
If I have Alzheimer’s, why can’t I normally function?
Exhibitors: I have low levels of acetylcholine(Acetylcholine is essential for motor movement and also involved in learning) and glutamate( learning, memory, and sensory processing)
Acetycholine:Learning, memory
Muscle contractions
Glutamate: Excitatory messages
