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WSET D4 Sparking Wine > Ch 2 part 3 > Flashcards

Ch 2 part 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

QUALITY HIERARCHY IN CHAMPANE

Echelle des crus

A
  • early 20th century rating system established grape prices
  • prices were fixed by the Comite Champange the price reflected percentage given to the village

100% Grand cru for 17 Grand Cru villages

90-99% premier cru for 42 Premier Cru villages

80-89% for the other 257 villages

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2
Q

QUALITY HIERARCHY IN CHAMPANE

today’s market prices established?

A

EU was pressured to disband the Echelle des crus system

today determined by market w/ Moet & Chandon setting the trend

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3
Q

QUALITY HIERARCHY IN CHAMPANE

What would be on the label to signify a single village vs multiple vilages for grand cru and premier cru wines?

A

Grand Cru Crémant- all grapes com from single village

Grand Cru (with out village)- grapes come from several grand cru

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4
Q

QUALITY HIERARCHY IN CHAMPANE

conterversty between village naming an house naming?

A

-controversy over naming grand cru or premier cru a village name with all the variation - aspect, soil, size of village

-house tend to focus on blended wine emphasize quality of vintage vs. promote individual villages or vineyards

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5
Q

STRUCTURE OF THE INDUSTRY

size of industry?

A

16,000 growers own 90% of vineyards

340 Champagne house

  • vast majority of growers sell grapes to houses or co ops
  • Grower Champagnes- keep their grapes and make own wine
  • Co-op bridge growers and houses
  • Brokers find wine for houses, act as go between
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6
Q

QUALITY HIERARCHY IN CHAMPANE

business types reflected in the codes on bottle include?

A

NM: Negotiant manipulant

RM: Recoltant manipulant

CM: Cooperative de manipulation

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7
Q

QUALITY HIERARCHY IN CHAMPANE

negociant manipulant

A

NM designation

-business referred to as houses

-buy grapes, must, or wine to make champagne on own premise

-use own label

-often just called negociant and the group is called negoce

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8
Q

QUALITY HIERARCHY IN CHAMPANE

Recoltant manipulant

A

RM designation

-business commonly referred to as growers

-make & market own label from grapes exclusively from own vineyard

-processed on their own premise

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9
Q

QUALITY HIERARCHY IN CHAMPANE

Cooperative de manipulation

A

CM desiganation

  • business are co-ops that market under own member’s label
  • top 5 groups account for 2/3 of all sales by value
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10
Q

QUALITY HIERARCHY IN CHAMPANE

list Co op major groups

A

LVMH = largest and owns Moet & Chandon, Dom Perignon, Mercier, Veuve Clicquot, Ruinart and Krug

Vranken Pommery Monopole owns Vranken, Pommery, monopole Heidsieck, Charles Lafitte and Bissinger

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11
Q

COMMERCIAL CONSIDERATIONS

A

domestic vs. export

half is sold to domestic and half exported

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12
Q

COMMERCIAL CONSIDERATIONS

sell by busines type?

A

Houses- biggest sales, strong in export markets, 73% of all sales and 87% exports

Co-Ops- small and evenly split home and export

Growers- mostly sell in home market

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13
Q

COMMERCIAL CONSIDERATIONS

role of Comite Champagne?

A

manage relations between houses, co-ops and growers

co -ops have been diversifying sell base wine to large houses & promote own brand

Large houses -moved to buy grapes from growers via agent, less with co -ops

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14
Q

SUPPLY AND DEMAND -influencing the supply

vineyard side is able to influence supply by?

A

the region is in review of

1 Setting the max yield for grape that can be madeinto champagne in the coming harvest (kilos per hecter)

2 Reviewing potentially adding / subtracting land available for the production of Champagne - what is in/out of the appellation

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15
Q

SUPPLY AND DEMAND -influencing the supply

how is the max yield determined for a harvest?

A

1 grape yield for base wine in that year

2 plus an allowance for wine to go into reserves

  • decision is made with respect to current hold levels, world demand, and progress of season (decisoin in late july)
  • average yield 10,500 kilos/hectar
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16
Q

SUPPLY AND DEMAND -influencing the demand

-price of a bottle of champagne?

A

-price is low due to volume sold in supermarkets

France is cheapest and has dropped steadily recently

17
Q

SUPPLY AND DEMAND -influencing the demand

main export markets?

A

UK, USA, Japan, Germany, Belgium (2018 order)

2 most valuable market w/ highest price paid per bottle US & Japan

UK biggest market by volume and lowest average price / bottles

18
Q

SUPPLY AND DEMAND -influencing the demand

price ques?

A

rebranding for more exclusivity

move away from volume markets in light of growth of mid-priced sparkling wine (prosecco)

  • new focus on higher prices
  • volume dropped 10% but value rise
19
Q

SUPPLY AND DEMAND -cost of production v. sought price

what factors contribute to the price produces seek?

A

Champagne is expensive to produce and is large cost of product

grand cru/ premier cru increase cost (longer ageing , more labor, longer time product not transferred to cash income)

Vintage> NV -likely made from better quality fruit

Rose – more wine required

use of oak for primary ferm or base wine ageing

20
Q

ROUTE TO MARKET

Marketing costs?

A

For large houses, marketing can account for 20% of the bottle $ =cost of production =30% and 20% to commercialization

-push to own/ run distribution systems

21
Q

ROUTE TO MARKET

cost from producer to market?

A
  • major brands are apart of conglomerates that have distribution system in place to support several brands
  • more control, economy of scale to control end price sold – hold price ques
  • some house prefer to use agents to distribute and typically provide a budget for promoting their wines.
  • small producers use specialist for specialist wine ships, private clients, and hospitality sectors
22
Q

NEW PRODUCTS AND TRENDS

A
  • niche market for Brut nature wines in specialist wine shops
  • dry category gain ground- Brut Nature and Extra Brut
  • launched sweet wines intended to be drunk over ice in cocktail Moet & Chandon Ice Imperal that is Demi Sec
  • Rose increasing in market share
  • increasing interest in single vineyard champagnes
  • Grower Champagnes gaining attraction

WSET D4 Sparking Wine (25 decks)

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