Ch. 2 Organizational Challenges for Today

Question 1

Transnational Organization

Answer 1

An organization in which the global viewpoint supersedes national issues.

Question 2

Guanxi

Answer 2

The Chinese practice of building networks for social exchange.

Question 3

Expatriate Manager

Answer 3

A manager who works in a country other than their home country.

Question 4

Individualism

Answer 4

A cultural orientation in which people belong to loose social frameworks, and their primary concern is for themselves and their families.

Question 5

Collectivism

Answer 5

A cultural orientation in which individuals belong to tightly knit social frameworks, and they depend strongly on large extended families or clans.

Question 6

Power Distance

Answer 6

The degree to which a culture accepts unequal distribution of power.

Question 7

Uncertainty Avoidance

Answer 7

The degree to which a culture tolerates ambiguity and uncertainty.

Question 8

Masculinity

Answer 8

The cultural orientation in which assertiveness and materialism are valued.

Question 9

Femininity

Answer 9

The cultural orientation in which relationships and concern for others are valued.

Question 10

Time Orientation

Answer 10

Whether a culture’s values are oriented toward the future (long-term orientation) or toward the past and present (short-term orientation).

Question 11

Indulgence

Answer 11

Indulgent cultures value leisure time, freedom, and personal control.

Question 12

Diversity

Answer 12

All forms of individual differences, including culture, gender, age, ability, religion, personality, social status, and sexual orientation.

Question 13

Glass Ceiling

Answer 13

A transparent barrier that keeps women from rising above a certain level in organizations.

Question 14

Glass Cliff

Answer 14

Senior women finding themselves disproportionately represented in untenable leadership positions.

Question 15

Consequential Theory

Answer 15

An ethical theory that emphasizes the consequences or results of behaviour.

Question 16

Rule-based Theory

Answer 16

An ethical theory that emphasizes the character of the act itself rather than its effects.

Question 17

Character Theory

Answer 17

An ethical theory that emphasizes the character, personal virtues, and integrity of the individual.

Question 18

Distributive Justice

Answer 18

The fairness of the outcomes that individuals receive in an organization.

Question 19

Procedural Justice

Answer 19

The fairness of the process by which outcomes are allocated in an organization.

Question 20

Whistle Blower

Answer 20

An employee who informs authorities of the wrongdoings of their company or coworkers.

Question 21

Social Responsibility

Answer 21

The obligation of an organization to behave in ethical ways.

Question 22

Technology

Answer 22

The intellectual and mechanical processes used by an organization to transform inputs into products or services that meet organizational goals.

Question 23

Expert System

Answer 23

A computer-based application that uses a representation of human expertise in a specialized field of knowledge to solve problems.

Question 24

Robotics

Answer 24

The use of robots in organizations.

Question 25

Telecommuting

Answer 25

Electronically transmitting work from a home computer to the office.

Question 26

Reinvention

Answer 26

The creative application of new technology.

Question 27

Hofstede 6 Dimensions of Culture Differences

Answer 27

Power Distance 
Indulgence vs Restraint 
Long vs Short Term Orientation
Uncertainty Avoidance 
Masculinity vs Femininity 
Individualism vs Collectivism