Ch. 2 Organizational Challenges for Today Flashcards
Transnational Organization
An organization in which the global viewpoint supersedes national issues.
Guanxi
The Chinese practice of building networks for social exchange.
Expatriate Manager
A manager who works in a country other than their home country.
Individualism
A cultural orientation in which people belong to loose social frameworks, and their primary concern is for themselves and their families.
Collectivism
A cultural orientation in which individuals belong to tightly knit social frameworks, and they depend strongly on large extended families or clans.
Power Distance
The degree to which a culture accepts unequal distribution of power.
Uncertainty Avoidance
The degree to which a culture tolerates ambiguity and uncertainty.
Masculinity
The cultural orientation in which assertiveness and materialism are valued.
Femininity
The cultural orientation in which relationships and concern for others are valued.
Time Orientation
Whether a culture’s values are oriented toward the future (long-term orientation) or toward the past and present (short-term orientation).
Indulgence
Indulgent cultures value leisure time, freedom, and personal control.
Diversity
All forms of individual differences, including culture, gender, age, ability, religion, personality, social status, and sexual orientation.
Glass Ceiling
A transparent barrier that keeps women from rising above a certain level in organizations.
Glass Cliff
Senior women finding themselves disproportionately represented in untenable leadership positions.
Consequential Theory
An ethical theory that emphasizes the consequences or results of behaviour.
Rule-based Theory
An ethical theory that emphasizes the character of the act itself rather than its effects.
Character Theory
An ethical theory that emphasizes the character, personal virtues, and integrity of the individual.
Distributive Justice
The fairness of the outcomes that individuals receive in an organization.
Procedural Justice
The fairness of the process by which outcomes are allocated in an organization.
Whistle Blower
An employee who informs authorities of the wrongdoings of their company or coworkers.
Social Responsibility
The obligation of an organization to behave in ethical ways.
Technology
The intellectual and mechanical processes used by an organization to transform inputs into products or services that meet organizational goals.
Expert System
A computer-based application that uses a representation of human expertise in a specialized field of knowledge to solve problems.
Robotics
The use of robots in organizations.
Telecommuting
Electronically transmitting work from a home computer to the office.
Reinvention
The creative application of new technology.
Hofstede 6 Dimensions of Culture Differences
Power Distance Indulgence vs Restraint Long vs Short Term Orientation Uncertainty Avoidance Masculinity vs Femininity Individualism vs Collectivism
