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Psy 312 Memory > Ch 2 Memory and the Brain > Flashcards

Ch 2 Memory and the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What is the brain?

A

It is a biological organ that is used for thinking, memory, reasoning and language.

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2
Q

Engram

A

Memory stored in a physical unit

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3
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Memory loss common in older adults.

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4
Q

TBI

A

Traumatic brain injuries

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5
Q

Traumatic brain injuries

A

Injuries that result in brain damage

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6
Q

Clinical neuropsychology

A

the treatment of patients with brain damage

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7
Q

Neurons

A

Biological cells that aid in the transmission and storage of information

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8
Q

Dendrite (hundreds)

A

Receives information from other neurons

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9
Q

Axons(one)

A

Sends information to other neurons

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10
Q

Action potential

A

The transmission within an axon which is an electrochemical process.

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11
Q

Synapse

A

The gap between neurons

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12
Q

Terminal buttons

A

The end of the axon where neurotransmitters are housed

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13
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Proteins produced by the nervous system.

Chemicals that are released across the synapse to cause an electrical flow to another neuron

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14
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

a disease caused by loss of the myelin sheath along the axon

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15
Q

Substantia nigra

A

The part of the brain that produces dopamine. Parkinson’s diseases shows a deficit in dopamine.

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16
Q

Prefrontal Cortex

A

The part of the frontal lobe that is associated with memory and higher emotion.

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17
Q

Long-term Potentiation

A

Less neurotransmitters are needed to produce a signal to the dendrite in the other neuron.

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18
Q

What is the process of neurons transmitting information?

A

AND

Axon - Neurotransmitters - Dendrites

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19
Q

In regards to left to right direction, how is the brain divided?

A

Into the right and left hemispheres.

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20
Q

What is the left hemisphere responsible for?

A

For the interaction of language and memory

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21
Q

What is the right hemisphere responsible for?

A

For spatial cognition/our understanding of the space around us
Music

22
Q

In regards to top-to-bottom direction, how is the brain divided?

A

It is divided into two structures. The cortical and the subcortical.

23
Q

Where is the subcortical structure of the brain located?

A

On the surface of the brain

24
Q

Where is the subcortical structure located?

A

The surface below the brain.

25
Q

The subcortical structure is responsible for what life functions?

A

Regulation of heartbeat, breathing, hunger, thirst, sleep and movement. Memory and emotion.

26
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

The thin top layer of the brain

27
Q

What are the processes of the cerebral cortex?

A

Language, memory, complex emotion, creativity, problem solving and music.

28
Q

Hippocampus

A

An area of the brain associated with learning and memory

29
Q

What type of learning is it responsible for?

A

Acquiring new information

30
Q

Anterograde Amnesia

A

Memory loss that results from damage to the hippocampus

31
Q

Left hippocampus

A

Responsible for verbal memory

32
Q

Right hippocampus

A

For the spatial world around us and direction within the world

33
Q

Damage to the left hippocampus

A

Affects memory in stories and words

34
Q

Damage to the right hippocampus

A

Affects memory for direction and pictures

35
Q

Amnesia

A

Memory loss due to brain damage

36
Q

Limbic System

A

A triune of the hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala located beneath the cerebral cortex

37
Q

What is the function of the limbic system?

A

It is responsible for memory and emotion.

38
Q

Amygdala

A

A part of the limbic system that plays a role in memory, emotional learning and fear.

39
Q

How does the amygdala connect to the other parts of the triune?

A

Connects features of memory with aspects of emotion

With the hippocampus in regards to memory and with the hypothalamus in regards to basic emotions.

40
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Area of the brain associated with basic emotions

41
Q

Diencephalon

A

The part of the brain that includes the thalamus and hypothalamus.

42
Q

Thalamus

A

It the routing center of the brain that connects different parts of the brain.

43
Q

What is the thalamus used for?

A

Transmission of information from our sensory organs like our eyes and ears to the cortical structure that are responsible for sensation.

44
Q

Korsakoff’s Disease

A

Results from damage to the diencephalon.

45
Q

What type of deficits occurs in Korsakoff’s Disease/

A

Loss in new learning, retrieving old information, an impairs the distinction between true and false memories.

46
Q

What function does the diencephalon serve?

A

As a relay point within the network of the human memory.

47
Q

What does the diencephalon connect within the brain?

A

The medial temporal lobes and the hippocampus with the prefrontal lobes.

48
Q

What are the four lobes of the brain?

A

FPOT

Frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal

49
Q

Frontal lobe

A

The front part of the cerebral cortex responsible for higher emotion, decision making, metacognition and memory.

50
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Associated with attention and somatosensory

51
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Associated with vision

52
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Associated with audition, language and memory.

Psy 312 Memory (5 decks)

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