Ch 2. Culture

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

The way of thinking, acting, and material objects that form together a people’s way of life

Question 2

Nonmaterial Culture

Answer 2

Ideas created by members of society

Question 3

Material Culture

Answer 3

Physical things created by members of society

Question 4

Society

Answer 4

Organized interaction of people who typically live in a nation or some other specific territory

Question 5

Symbol

Answer 5

Anything that carries a meaning that that can be recognized by people who share a culture

Question 6

cyber-symbols

Answer 6

emoticons for example, developed along with increasing use of computers for communication

Question 7

culture-shock

Answer 7

Personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life. Inability to read meaning in strange surroundings

Question 8

Language

Answer 8

A system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another

Question 9

Cultural Transmission

Answer 9

When one generation passes on culture to the next

Question 10

Sapir-Whorf Thesis

Answer 10

People see abs understand the world through the cultural lens of language. Language shapes reality.

Question 11

Values

Answer 11

Culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable and that serves as a broad guideline for social living

Question 12

Beliefs

Answer 12

Specific thoughts or ideas that people hold to be true

Question 13

Mores

Answer 13

Norms that are widely observed and have great significance

Question 14

Folkways

Answer 14

Norms for routine and causal interaction

Question 15

Taboos

Answer 15

Deeply rooted norms in society

Question 16

Social Control

Answer 16

Attempts by society to regulate people’s thoughts and behaviours

Question 17

Technology

Answer 17

Knowledge that people use to make a way of living with their surroundings

Question 18

Five stages of technology

Answer 18

1. Hunting and Gathering
2. Horticulture and Pastoralism
3. Agriculture
4. Industry
5. Post-Industrialism (computer technology)

Question 19

Multiculturalism

Answer 19

A perspective recognizing cultural diversity of Canada and promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions

Question 20

High Culture

Answer 20

Cultural patterns that determine society’s elite

Question 21

Popular Culture

Answer 21

Cultural patterns that are widespread in a societies population

Question 22

Subculture

Answer 22

Cultural patterns that are set apart to a segment of society’s population

Question 23

Counterculture

Answer 23

Cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted

Question 24

Cultural Integration

Answer 24

The close relationships among various elements of a cultural system

Question 25

Cultural Lag

Answer 25

Some cultural elements change more quickly than others, disrupting a cultural system

Question 26

Ethnocentrism

Answer 26

The practice of judging another culture by standards of one own culture

Question 27

Eurocentrism

Answer 27

The dominance of European cultural patterns

Question 28

Cultural Relativism

Answer 28

The practice of judging a culture by its own standards

Question 29

Cultural Universals

Answer 29

Traits that are part of every known culture (ex. Family, Funerals)

Question 30

The structural-functional theory about culture

Answer 30

Culture is a system of behaviour which societies corporate to meet their needs
How does cultural patterns help society operate?

Question 31

The social-conflict theory about culture

Answer 31

Culture is a system that benefits some and disadvantages others.
How does culture benefit some and harm others?
How does a cultural pattern support social inequality?

Question 32

Culture as Constraint:

Answer 32

Culture is a matter of habit which limits our choices and drives us to repeat troubling patterns such as racial prejudice

Question 33

Culture as Freedom:

Answer 33

Culture forces us to make choices. We cannot live without culture