ch 2- Cognitive neuroscience

Question 1

resting potential

Answer 1

when axon is at rest the meter records a difference in potential between tips of 2 electrodes

Question 2

action potential

Answer 2

when a neurons receptor is stimulates and a nerve impulse is transmitted down the axon and the charge inside rises until impulse passes thru and charge becomes negative again

Question 3

what are released at the synapse during an action potential?

Answer 3

neurotransmitter

Question 4

graded potential

Answer 4

stimulation of a neuron by other neurons can lead to excitation from excitatory NTs @ synapse (less negative) or inhibition from inhibitory NTs @ synapse (more negative)

Question 5

absolute refractory period

Answer 5

when positive charges are moving out of an action potential and further stimulation cannot generate another action potential- depolarization

Question 6

relative refractory period

Answer 6

the overshoot of an action potential- hyperpolarization

Question 7

specificity coding

Answer 7

the idea that an object could be represented by the firing of a specialized neuron that responds only to that object (unlikely to be correct)

Question 8

population coding

Answer 8

representation of a particular object by the firing of a large number of neurons

Question 9

sparse coding

Answer 9

occurs when a particular object is represented by a pattern of firing of only a small group of neurons and majority remain silent- barcode

Question 10

broca’s aphasia

Answer 10

slow, labored, ungrammatical speech due to broca’s area damage

Question 11

wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 11

patients produced speech that is fluent and grammatically correct, but incoherent (cant match words with meaning)

Question 12

temporal lobe

Answer 12

responsible for auditory cortex

Question 13

parietal lobe

Answer 13

responsible for perception of touch, pressure, pain

Question 14

frontal lobe

Answer 14

receives signals from all sense and responsible for coordination of sense

Question 15

What is an fMRI?

Answer 15

brain imaging tool used to measure the oxygen levels (blood flow) in the brain to see which areas are being activated

Question 16

connectome

Answer 16

indicated the structural description of the wiring diagram of neurons

Question 17

functional connectivity

Answer 17

determines the extent to which neural activity in 2 brain areas are correlated

Question 18

What network is active when your mind wanders?

Answer 18

default mode network