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Anatomy Physiology Semester 1 > CH 2: Cartilage And Bone Formation > Flashcards

CH 2: Cartilage And Bone Formation Flashcards

0
Q

What is responsible for the strength of cartilage? its resilience?

A

Collagen for sheer strength and water (tissue fluid) for resilience

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1
Q

List the three major components of cartilage matrix.

A

Collagen water GAG’s

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2
Q

List three locations and three functions for hyaline cartilage.

A

Hyaline is shiny glass and most common in the human body.
The location is trachea nose bone joints growth plates larynx and rib cage
The function: support cushion and glide intermediate of elastic and fibro

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3
Q

The mature cartilage found in lacuna.

A

Chondrocyte

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4
Q

Secrete collagen to initiate cartilage formation; analogous to osteoblast

A

Chondroblasts

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5
Q

Analogous to periosteum

A

Perichondrium

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6
Q

List two locations into functions very elastic cartilage

A

Elastic cartilage is the most elastin
Found: the epiglottis and external ear
Function: structure and flexibility

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7
Q

List two locations and two functions for the fibrocartilage

A

Fibro cartilage is thicker collagen and no perichondrium
the function resists conpression and structure
location: meniscus, vertebral discs, and bone repair.

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8
Q

Which type of cartilage is the strongest

A

Fibrocartilage

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9
Q

Which type of cartilage lacks a Perichondrium?

A

Fibrocartilage

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10
Q

Carlos is classified as what type of tissue

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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11
Q

Why does cartilage grow and repair itself so slowly

A

Because it is avascular

No blood supply

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12
Q

Forming bone from soft membrane

A

Intramembranous ossification

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13
Q

Bone forming from soft tissue but no cartilage.
Found in cranial skull or possibly clavicle
Mesenchymal➡️osteogenic➡️osteoblast➡️bone.

A

Intramembranous ossification

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14
Q

Future bone composed of hyaline cartilage then converted to bone.

  • most bones of the body form by endochondral ossification
  • mesenchymal➡️chondroblasts➡️hyaline cartilage➡️osteogenic➡️osteoblasts➡️bone
A

Endochondral ossification

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15
Q

Steps of Endochondral ossification

A
  1. Primary ossification center
    - located in the middle of future Bone; diaphysis.
    - dying cartilage trigger the penetration of Cartlidge by a blood vessel
    - also quick question proceed superficial to deep because it follows the blood vessel
  2. Secondary ossification center
    - located inside the emphysis
    - ossification proceeds fromdeep too superficial
16
Q

Nutrients for healthy bones

A 
Vitamins
Vitamin c: collagen synthesis
Vitamin b12: collagen synthesis 
Vitamin k: collagen synthesis
Vitamin a: increased osteoblasts act
Vitamin d: calcification/ca absorption
17
Q

Any break or crack in bone

A

Fracture

18
Q

Simple fracture

A

Closed, does not break skin

19
Q

Compound fracture

A

Open, breaks skin as well as bone

20
Q

Green stick fracture

A

One side breaks other side bends common in youth

21
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

Fragments at break site, require surgery

22
Q

Impacted fracture or compression fracture

A

Two ends of bone driven into each other

23
Q

Stress fracture

A

Tiny, often microscopic cracks in bone; painful; overuse injury

24
Q

Spiral fracture

A

Ragged break due to twisting force

25
Q

Epiphyseal fracture

A

Break at growth plate

26
Q

Depressed fracture

A

Broken bone pressed inward

27
Q

Colles fracture

A

Common sport injury ( falling while running); radius breaks near wrists; distal portion of radius moves posterior to rest of radius.

28
Q

Potts fracture

A

Sole of foot moves inward;lateral

Common ankle; fracture to tibia medially as well as fibula.

29
Q

Five stages of healing

A
  1. Fracture hematoma stage: blood clots at break site
  2. Procallus stage: broken area becomes vascular
  3. Fibro cartilaginous stage: fibrocartilage holds broken ends together.
  4. Bony callus stage: fibrocartilage replaced by spongy bone.
  5. Remodeling stage:spongy bone slowly becomes compact bone.
30
Q

Realigning broken end of bone

A

Reduction t

31
Q

Open reduction

A

Surgical

32
Q

Closed reduction

A

Non surgical

33
Q

Epiphyseal plate is ossified on side of diaphysis. Cartilage cells proliferate on side of epiphysis.

A

Length

34
Q

Matrix formed around blood vessel on surface bone

Vessel becomes a Haversian canal

A

Thickness

35
Q

Pth

A

Parathyroid hormones

  • from parathyroid
  • travels through blood
  • increases blood ca levels
  • pulls ca from the bone by stimulating osteoclast activity
36
Q

Ct

A

Calcitonin

  • from general thyroid gland
  • lowers blood ca levels
  • increases ca in bones
  • May slow osteoclast activity
  • most effective in youth

Anatomy Physiology Semester 1 (8 decks)

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