Ch 2- Brooke. *Done* Flashcards
MS Access
a basic database management system (DBMS)
Database management systems (DBMS)
provide the capability to integrate HR data and link this data with other data essential to the operations of a business. A set of software applications combined with a database. Turns data into an organizational resource
Knowledge
information that has been given meaning. “how”, not what and why
Information
interpretation of data
Data
lifeblood of an organization. The facts of transactions that occur on a daily basis
Database
a permanent, self-descriptive store or interrelated data items that can be process by one ore more business applications
Self-descriptive
the database knows about the characteristics of the data
Interrelated
there are links between different sets of data in the database
Main functions of a DBMS
to create the database; insert, read, update, and delete database data; maintain data integrity; prevent data from being lost by providing backup and recovery capabilities
Transaction processing systems
consist of a set or one or more computer programs that serve as a intermediary between the user and the DBMS while providing the functions or tasks that user wants performed
File-oriented data structures
Tradition and early DBMS. Performed record-keeping functions that mimicked existing manual procedures. Goal was not on data sharing among different business applications and users.
File-oriented data structures shortcomings
data redundancy, poor data control, inadequate data manipulation capabilities, excessive programming effort, no easy way to link information
File-oriented data structures strengths
Good at specialized transaction processing
Hierarchical and network database systems
Came after file-oriented data structures. Relationships between different records were explicitly maintained. Relationships were created based on where the data were stored.
Hierarchical and network database systems shortcomings
Only the very knowledgeable technical staff could effectively interact with the database. Required excessive programming effort and suffered from inadequate data manipulation capabilities if the program was poorly designed.
Hierarchical and network database systems strengths
Addressed many problems associated with older DBMS.
Relational database
Codd. Retrieval of data from different tables is based on logical relationships built into the table structures
Relational database strengths
Make feasible the creation of a query capability that is much more accessible to end users who generally have limited programmed experience. Also allowed for relationships to be easily built among all the entities in the organization
Three types of data sharing
between functional units, management levels, and across geographically dispersed locations
Enterprise resource planning applications
a set of integrated database applications, or modules, that carry out the most common business functions, including HR, accounts receivable, etc. ERP modules are integrated, primarily through a common set of definitions and a common database
Decision support systems
assist senior managers and business professionals in making business decisions. Made up from data warehouses, which represent aggregated data collected from various databases available to a business
Two issues when data are shared worldwide
managing the day/time of a transaction, and determining where to store the various components of the business application, DBMS, and database
Benefits of a centralized database
allows a company to confine its data to a single location, and therefore more easily control data integrity, updating, backup, query, and control access to the database
Entities
things such as employees, jobs, promotional transactions, etc. both physical things such as desks and conceptual things such as bank accounts. made up of attributes
