Ch. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 statements that run through Canadian Politics?

A
  • Canadian politics is defined by cleavage of geography, demography, & Ideology
  • The institutions of Canadian democracy are Anglo-American Hybrids
  • Understanding Canadian politics requires some understanding of Canadian history
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2
Q

When was the Treaty of Ultrecht and what did it do?

A

1713
- Britain gain control over Nova Scotia and Newfoundland

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3
Q

When was the Treaty of Paris and what did it do?

A

1763
- Marked the end of the Seven Years War and France ceded control of Canada to Britain

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4
Q

When was the Royal Proclamation and what did it do?

A

1763
- First constitutional document
- Carved out the colony of Quebec and provided protection for Indigenous Peoples

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5
Q

When was the Quebec Act and what did it do?

A

1774
- Established new political institutions in Quebec

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6
Q

What political institutions were established from the Quebec Act of 1774?

A
  • Appointed Council
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7
Q

Who was granted religious freedom and rights from the Quebec Act in 1774?

A

Roman Catholics

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8
Q

What did the judicial system do following the Quebec Act in 1774?

A
  • Guaranteed civil law (based on French Civil Law)
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9
Q

When was the Constitution Act and what did it do?

A

1791
- An Act of the British Parliament
- Create Upper and Lower Canada

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10
Q

What did the Constitution Act of 1791 do for both Upper and Lower Canada?

A

Gave both Upper and Lower Canada:
- A Governor
- An Appointed Executive Council
- An Appointed Legislative Council
- A locally elected legislative assembly

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11
Q

Why was the locally elected legislative assembly that was introduced through the Constitution Act of 1791 important?

A
  • It brought representative government to Canada
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12
Q

What was the problem with the newly formed representative government following the Constitutions Act of 1791?

A
  • Elected Assembly did not have much power
  • Had no control over executive council
  • Executive council was not responsible to elected assembly
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13
Q

Who was Lord Durham?

A
  • Sent to Canada to settle the tension between ‘two warring nations’ (French and English)
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14
Q

What did the Durham Report, 1839, recommend?

A
  • Responsible Government
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15
Q

What would the recommended responsible government from the Durham Report, 1839, do?

A
  • Give elected assembly power
  • Executive branch (governor & council) only remains in power with the confidence of a majority of members, 50+1, in the elected assembly
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16
Q

When was responsible government implemented into Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the Colony of Canada?

A
  • 1848
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17
Q

Who implemented the Act of Union in 1840 and what did it do?

A

Lord Durham
- Joined the Two Colonies into a single colony of Canada (upper and lower)

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18
Q

What was the Act of Union in 1840 meant to do?

A
  • Ease cultural tensions between the French and the English
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19
Q

When was the British North American Act, and what did it do?

A

1867
- Joined Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec & Ontario

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20
Q

What did the British North American Act of 1867 provide?

A
  • Institutional details of Canada’s political system
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21
Q

Why was the British North American Act of 1867 put into place?

A
  • Confederation was encouraged by economic, political, and military factors
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22
Q

What lead Canada towards Sovereignty?

A
  • Constitution Act, 1867
  • Statute of Westminster, 1931
  • Suez Crisis, 1956
  • Constitution Act, 1982
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23
Q

What did the Constitution Act of 1982 do?

A
  • Patriate Canada’s Constitution
  • Domestic Amending Formula
  • Entrenches Charter of Rights and Freedoms
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24
Q

What does Canada’s parliamentary system feature?

A

Aspects of both:
- British Parliamentary system
- US federal system

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25
What did Canada's parliamentary system borrow from the British Parliamentary System?
- Westminster Model - Fusion of Powers - Representative Government - Responsible Government - Appointed Senate - Constitutional Monarchy - Judicial Independence
26
What did the Canada's Parliamentary System borrow from the US Federal System?
- Federalism - Division of Powers
27
How did Canada's political institutions borrow the federal principle from the US?
- Divides power between the central government and the regional government (provinces)
28
What did the Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982 import elements from?
- The American Bill of Rights
29
How are Canada's campaign strategies influenced by US?
- Negative political advertising
30
How does Britain influence Canada's political institutions?
- Common Law & Westminster Parliamentary Traditions - Constitutional Monarchies - Constitutional Laws Governing Canadian Democracy - Left-center-right spectrum
31
How does France influence political institutions?
- Civil Law System in Quebec - Policy of Bilingualism - All Federal Government Services available in English and French
32
What are the three branches of Canada's political branches and institutions?
- Executive - Legislature - Judiciary
33
Who is in the Executive branch of the Canadian Political institution?
- Prime Minister - Cabinet - Governor General
34
Who advises the Governor General?
- Prime minister and Cabinet
35
Who are the prime minister and cabinet advised by?
- Bureaucracy
36
Who is in the legislative branch of the Canadian Political Institutions?
- House of Commons - The Senate
37
Where do the PM and Cabinet sit in?
- The House of Commons
38
What is Unique about the Judiciary Branch?
- It is independent of the executive and legislative
39
Who makes up the judiciary branch?
- Courts - Judges
40
Who appoints the judges to the judiciary branch?
- Executive
41
What is the job of the judiciary branch?
- Interpret Laws - Can overturn executive actions and laws passed in parliament
42
What are Canada's Constitution's 6 Principles?
- Responsible Government - Federalism - Judicial Review - Constitutional Monarchy - Rule of Law - Democracy
43
What does responsible government mean?
- Government must maintain the confidence of a majority (50+1) of Members of Parliament (MPs) in Canada's House of Commons
44
What is the test for responsible government?
- A vote of non-confidence
45
What are the core cleavages that make up an important part of Canadian Politics?
- Geography - Demography - Ideology
46
How is geography in Canada a core cleavage?
- 338 federal electoral districts with 1 MP each - 4 Reions with 24 Senators each
47
How is ideology a core cleavage in Canadian Politics?
- Various Ideologies (parties) in Canada
48
What is an ideology?
- Set of ideas that form a coherent political belief system that people hold about the way power should be distributed and exercised
49
How is demography a core cleavage in Canadian Politics?
Canadians divided into several categories: - Gender - Ancestry - Ethnicity - Age - Class - Educational Level - Etc.
50
How many total appointed senators are there?
105
51
How do left and right-wing policies differ on financial topics?
Left - Favour gov't spending on social programs Right - Favour lower taxes and debt reduction
52
How do left and right ideologies differ on institutional topics?
Left - Favour reform of democratic structure Right - Favour traditions
53
How to left/right ideologies differ socially?
Left - Promote Inclusion Right - Promote conformity
54
How do left/right ideologies differ legally?
Left - favour restriction on law enforcement & military action Right - Favour fewer restrictions and more punitive
55
Who has been in power in Ottawa the most?
- The Liberal Party of Canada
56
What is the Liberal Party of Canada's ideology?
- Political Centre
57
In political philosophy, what does liberalism balance?
- Equality of Results - Equality of Rigth
58
Are the provincial liberal parties connected to the Liberal PArty of Canada?
- NO
59
Who has had the second most power in Ottawa?
- Conservative PArty of Canada
60
What is the Conservative Party of Canada's ideology?
- Centre-right to right
61
Does the Conservative PArty of Canada have affiliation with provincial counterparts?
- NO
62
In political philosophy, what does conservatism balance?
- Fiscal Libertarianism & Social Traditionalism
63
Has the NDP ever formed government at the national level?
- NO
64
What is the Ideology of the NDP?
- LEft to Centre-LEft
65
What was the beginning of the NDP based on?
- A formal partnership with Canada's largest trade unions
66
Does the NDP have ties with the provincial counterparts?
- YES
67
What are the NDP's origins?
- Socialist Democratic Movement linked to the 1930s - Promoted the interest of workers and farmers
68