Ch 17 - The Federal System Flashcards
What is federalism?
- Division of powers between the central and regional (provincial) governments
What does federalism tell us about Canada’s political system?
- Relationship between central and regional governments is equal in status
Are the municipal governments subordinate to the provincial governments?
- YES
Are the Territorial governments subordinate to the national government?
- YES
Who is the provincial head of state?
- Lt. Governor
Who appoints the Lt. Governor?
- The Prime Minister
Who is the head of government at the provincial level?
- Premier
Who makes up the provincial political system’s executive branch?
- Drawn from legislative assembly
Who appoints the ministers?
- Premier
How is the provincial legislative assembly formed?
- Elections
How are provincial chambers organized?
- Unicameral (one chamber)
What view did Sir John A Macdonald have for federalism?
- Very Centralized
How is Canada’s federal system organized today?
Decentralized
How is Canada’s federal system decentralized?
- Judicial Review
- Shifting Jurisdictional Importance
- Taxing Power
- Public Favour
- National Standards
What are the 5 components of the confederation settlement?
- Division of powers between the central and provincial government
- Division of financial resources
- Federal control imposed upon the provinces
- Provincial representation in the central institutions
- Certain cultural guarantees
What is Quasi-federalism?
- Provinces subordinate to Ottawa
What is Classical Federalism?
- Fed/prov equal in status and independent
What is Emergency Federalism?
- Federal gov’t virtually unlimited powers under the emergency doctrine of the War Measures Act
What is Cooperative Federalism?
- Equal in status but intertwined financially
What is conflictual federalism?
- More provincial independence with shift to block grants & growing Quebec nationalism
What is the fiscal gap?
- Provincial taxes not enough for provincial government responsibilities, top-sided-ness of taxes.
What are the four main transfer programs in Canada?
- Canada Health Transfer (CHT)
- Canada Social Transfer (CST)
- Equalization Formula Financing
- Territorial Formula Financing (TFF)
Explain the Cost-shared programme in Canada
Provincially administered
- Ottawa’s financial contribution is geared to how much a province needs
What is block funding?
- Feds are not obliged to match provincial spending