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Poli 1102 > Ch 17 - The Federal System > Flashcards

Ch 17 - The Federal System Flashcards

1
Q

What is federalism?

A
  • Division of powers between the central and regional (provincial) governments
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2
Q

What does federalism tell us about Canada’s political system?

A
  • Relationship between central and regional governments is equal in status
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3
Q

Are the municipal governments subordinate to the provincial governments?

A
  • YES
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4
Q

Are the Territorial governments subordinate to the national government?

A
  • YES
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5
Q

Who is the provincial head of state?

A
  • Lt. Governor
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6
Q

Who appoints the Lt. Governor?

A
  • The Prime Minister
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7
Q

Who is the head of government at the provincial level?

A
  • Premier
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8
Q

Who makes up the provincial political system’s executive branch?

A
  • Drawn from legislative assembly
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9
Q

Who appoints the ministers?

A
  • Premier
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10
Q

How is the provincial legislative assembly formed?

A
  • Elections
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11
Q

How are provincial chambers organized?

A
  • Unicameral (one chamber)
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12
Q

What view did Sir John A Macdonald have for federalism?

A
  • Very Centralized
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13
Q

How is Canada’s federal system organized today?

A

Decentralized

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14
Q

How is Canada’s federal system decentralized?

A
  • Judicial Review
  • Shifting Jurisdictional Importance
  • Taxing Power
  • Public Favour
  • National Standards
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15
Q

What are the 5 components of the confederation settlement?

A
  • Division of powers between the central and provincial government
  • Division of financial resources
  • Federal control imposed upon the provinces
  • Provincial representation in the central institutions
  • Certain cultural guarantees
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16
Q

What is Quasi-federalism?

A
  • Provinces subordinate to Ottawa
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17
Q

What is Classical Federalism?

A
  • Fed/prov equal in status and independent
18
Q

What is Emergency Federalism?

A
  • Federal gov’t virtually unlimited powers under the emergency doctrine of the War Measures Act
19
Q

What is Cooperative Federalism?

A
  • Equal in status but intertwined financially
20
Q

What is conflictual federalism?

A
  • More provincial independence with shift to block grants & growing Quebec nationalism
21
Q

What is the fiscal gap?

A
  • Provincial taxes not enough for provincial government responsibilities, top-sided-ness of taxes.
22
Q

What are the four main transfer programs in Canada?

A
  • Canada Health Transfer (CHT)
  • Canada Social Transfer (CST)
  • Equalization Formula Financing
  • Territorial Formula Financing (TFF)
23
Q

Explain the Cost-shared programme in Canada

A

Provincially administered
- Ottawa’s financial contribution is geared to how much a province needs

24
Q

What is block funding?

A
  • Feds are not obliged to match provincial spending
25
Q

What is the results of Block Funding?

A
  • Increase in the financial burden upon the provinces to pay the costs for health care & post-secondary education
26
Q

What are the two categories that funding can fall under?

A
  • Conditional grants
  • Unconditional grants
27
Q

What is a conditional grant?

A
  • Some of the money Ottawa transfers to the provinces carries conditions as to how it can be spent
28
Q

What are unconditional grants?

A
  • Financial transfers with no strings attached
29
Q

What are the 5 important principles of the Canada Health Transfer and Canada Social Transfer?

A
  1. Portability of coverage between provinces
  2. Comprehensiveness of provincial plans
  3. Universality
  4. Public Funding
  5. Public Administration
30
Q

What is an example of a conditional grant?

A
  • Canada Health Act
31
Q

What is an example of an unconditional grant?

A
  • Equalization Grant
32
Q

What is the equalization grant?

A
  • payments made from the federal governmetn to the provinces whose per capita tax revenues falls below average of two most affluent provinces.
33
Q

How much of all federal transfers do equalization payments account for?

A
  • 1/4
34
Q

Are there conditions on equalization payments?

A

NO

35
Q

What do provinces complain about federal payments?

A
  • Inadequate
  • Fed gov’t interfere in prove jurisdiction through spending
36
Q

Why did government pull some funding from provinces?

A
  • Provinces blaming feds for undermining National Standards in social programmes
37
Q

What areas of policy do federal and provincial work together in?

A
  • Health Care
  • Equalization Payments / Transfers
  • Environment
  • Indigenous Peoples
  • Cities
  • Justice
  • Quebec
38
Q

What kind of federalism was Canada under PM Martin?

A
  • Collaborative Federalism
39
Q

What type of Federalism was Canada under Harper?

A
  • Open Federalism (very decentralized)
40
Q

What kind of federalism is Canada under Trudeau?

A
  • Centralized
41
Q
A

Poli 1102 (13 decks)

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