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Poli 1102 > Ch 1. > Flashcards

Ch 1. Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the concept of Politics

A
  • Conflicting interests struggle for dominance
    in execution of public policies
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2
Q

Explain the concept of power

A
  • Ability of one actor to impose will on another
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3
Q

explain the concept of government

A
  • Set of organizations that make, enforce, and administer collective public decisions
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4
Q

Explain the concept of Coercion

A
  • convincing people to do things they don’t want to
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5
Q

What is Coercion a form of?

A
  • Power
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6
Q

Why do people obey the government?

A
  • Coercion (power)
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7
Q

What are Indigenous Peoples’ rights reflected in?

A

Their:
- Connection to the land
- Legal/Political Rights as Original Occupants
- Cultural Distinctiveness

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8
Q

What kind of democracy is Canada?

A
  • Representative
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9
Q

What are the 4 principles that characterize Canada’s system of democracy?

A
  • Popular sovereignty
  • Political Equality
  • Political Freedom
  • Majority Rule (50 + 1)
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10
Q

What does representative democracy mean?

A
  • Representatives are elected through ‘free & fair elections’ and appointed to represent our interests.
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11
Q

Who are the representatives in Canada’s representative democracy?

A
  • Members of Parliament (MPs)
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12
Q

What are the various levels of government?

A
  • Federal (national)
  • Territorial
  • Provincial
  • Municipal
  • First Nations
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13
Q

What kind of monarchy is Canada?

A
  • A Constitutional Monarchy
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14
Q

Who represents the people federally in the constitutional monarchy?

A
  • Head of State and Governor General
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15
Q

Who is the Head of State in Canada?

A
  • The King of Canada
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16
Q

Who is the Governor General?

A
  • Representative of the Head of State
  • Appointed by the PM
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17
Q

Who are the Head of States representatives on the provincial level?

A
  • Lt. Governors
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18
Q

Who appoints the Lt. Governors?

A
  • The Governor General on the advice of the PM
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19
Q

Who is the Head of the government on the federal level?

A
  • The Prime Minister
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20
Q

Who is the Head of Government on the provincial level?

A
  • Premier
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21
Q

Are the PM and Premier directly elected?

A
  • NO
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22
Q

Who are you represented by in the Federal Legislature?

A
  • MPs
  • Senators
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23
Q

Where do MPs sit in the Federal Legislature?

A
  • In the House of Commons
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24
Q

Where do senators sit in the Federal Legislature?

A
  • In the Senate
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25
Q

Who are you represented by in the provincial legislature?

A
  • Elected members of legislative assemblies
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26
Q

Why are the PM and Premiers not directly elected?

A
  • They are leaders of parties with the most seats in the House of Commons or provincial legislature
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27
Q

Who invites the PM and PRemiers to govern and form government?

A
  • The Head of State (King)
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28
Q

Who are the MLAs and what level of government do they represent?

A

MLA = Members of Legislative Assembly
- Provincial legislative assembly

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29
Q

Who represents the people on the municipal level?

A

Elected
- Mayor
- Councilors

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30
Q

Who represents Indigenous governments?

A
  • Chief
  • Council
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31
Q

What are the inputs to political authorities?

A
  • Competing demands
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32
Q

Where do competing demands come from?

A
  • Individuals
  • Society
  • Interest Groups
  • Lobbyists
  • Parties
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33
Q

When political authorities choose between competing demands, what influences their decision?

A
  • Ideology
  • Party factors
34
Q

What are the outputs when the political authorities make decisions on competing demands?

A
  • Policy decisions
35
Q

Who are the political authorities?

A
  • MPs
  • Senators
36
Q

Explain the David Easton’s Model of Political System

A
  • Needs of Individual are demanded through advocacy groups.
  • Issues are raised to parties and elections which go to executive, bureaucracy, legislature, and judiciary.
  • This results in policy decision (outputs) and the cycle repeats.
37
Q

Based on the David Easton Systems Theory, what is the core of the political system?

A
  • Executive, legislative & judicial branches of government
38
Q

According to the Systems Theory, what is the political system a part of?

A
  • A broader ‘environment’
39
Q

According to the Systems Theory, what does the broader environment the political system is a part of include?

A
  • Individuals
  • Advocacy Groups
  • Society
  • Political Parties
40
Q

According to the systems theory, what is the individuals role in the broader political environment?

A
  • Express Needs
41
Q

According to the Systems Theory, what are advocacy groups role in the broader political environment?

A
  • Articulate needs of individuals as demands
42
Q

According to the Systems Theory, the demands of individuals articulated by advocacy groups are also referred to as what? And what do they do?

A

Inputs
- Compete for government attention

43
Q

ACcording to the Systems Theory, What does the political system do with inputs?

A
  • Filters and Reacts
  • Form Policies and Laws (outputs)
44
Q

According to Systems Theory, what are the outputs and what do they do?

A

Policies and Laws
- Shape environment
- shape future inputs

45
Q

According to the Systems Theory, what is the feedback effect?

A
  • Inputs lead to outputs, which in turn influence future inputs
46
Q

According to the Systems Theory, what does the loop in the political system and environment mean?

A
  • It is a circular, never-ending process
47
Q

What are the 5 approaches to interpreting different aspects of Canadian Politics?

A
  • Institutional
  • State-based
  • Political Sociology
  • Political Psychology & Political Behaviour
  • Rational Choice
48
Q

What is the oldest approach to the study of politics?

A
  • Institutional Approach
49
Q

According to the Institutional approach, what are the main substance of government & politics?

A
  • Constitutions & Laws
50
Q

According to the Institutional Approach, What do laws and conventions shape?

A
  • Everything from the rights of citizens to the role of the prime minister
51
Q

Who is the Institutional Approach Associated with?

A
  • R. MacGregor-Dawson
52
Q

Give an example of the Institutional Approach to Politics.

A
  • Eligibility to stand for elections & Vote is determined by law
  • Protected by the Charter of Rights and Freedoms
53
Q

According to the State-Based Approach, who are the state actors?

A
  • Governmetn
54
Q

According to the state-based approach, what do state actors do?

A
  • Use state powers to shape the economic & social circumstances of the country
55
Q

According to the state-based approach, why do the preferences of the state matter?

A
  • They determine what the state does & does not do
56
Q

According to the state-based approach, what do state actors have?

A
  • Their own policy preferences
57
Q

According to the state-based approach, how do state actors pursue their own policy preferences?

A
  • Shaping the direction & application of state power
58
Q

What is an example of the State-Based Approach to the study of politics?

A

Electoral System Reform
- The government of the day can change the electoral system, though they may not change if the current system benefits them

59
Q

Who is the state-based approach to the study of politics associated with?

A
  • E. Nordlinger
60
Q

What is another example of the state-based approach to the study of politics?

A
  • Manipulation of information to persuade society to support state interests
61
Q

What does the Political Sociology Approach to the study of politics focus on?

A
  • Group & Societal Forces
62
Q

What other approaches are related to the Political Sociology Approach?

A
  • Pluralist Approach
  • Marxist Approach
63
Q

What is the Pluralist Approach?

A
  • Argues power is widely distributed among many interests in society & is not controlled by elites
64
Q

What is the MArxist Approach?

A
  • Argues that the state is an instrument of bourgeois domination
  • Government and politics is about class conflict
65
Q

In theory, under the political sociology approach, all groups can equally participate in politics. Why is this not the case in practice?

A
  • Larger advocacy groups have much more influence than small community groups
66
Q

What is an example of differing political influences under the political sociology approach?

A
  • Pro pipeline advocacy groups vs anti pipeline advocacy groups
67
Q

Who is the Pluralist approach associated with?

A
  • Robert Dahl
68
Q

Provide an example of how the Marxist Approach is related to the Political Sociology Approach.

A
  • Corporate Tax Breaks v. Progressive Taxation
69
Q

What does the Political Psychology Approach focus on?

A
  • Political attitudes, opinions, beliefs, perceptions, expectations, motivations, & behaviours
70
Q

What is an example of the Political Psychology approach to the study of politics?

A
  • Personality types explain differences among people in terms of openness to new ideas and deference to authority
71
Q

How does the political psychology approach to the study of politics use psychological concepts and theories?

A
  • To understand why people think the way they do about politics
72
Q

Explain the Political Behaviour Approach to the study of politics

A
  • Focus is on the behavior of individual political actors
73
Q

Provide an example of the political behaviour approach to the study of politics

A
  • is there a gender gap in party choice/preference and why?
74
Q

What do rational choice theorists assume?

A
  • Individuals seek to maximize their utility
75
Q

According to the Rational Choice Approach, what does it mean to maximize their utility?

A
  • Complete the aim of an action as efficiently as possible
76
Q

According to the rational choice theory, what is an example of people seeking to maximize their utility?

A
  • If people seek power, their utility is maximizing votes & getting elected with a majority government
77
Q

What do rational choice theorists assume of all behaviours?

A
  • They are goal-oriented (preference-oriented)
78
Q

According to the rational choice theory, why are people in politics?

A
  • To get something out of it (maximizing votes)
79
Q

Who is the rational choice approach associated with?

A
  • Anthony Downs
80
Q
A

Poli 1102 (13 decks)

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