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Poli 1102 > Ch. 12 > Flashcards

Ch. 12 Flashcards

1
Q

In Canada, who oversees the Federal Elections?

A
  • Elections Canada
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2
Q

What is the Office of the Chief Electoral Officer commonly known as?

A
  • Elections Canada
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3
Q

What is Elections Canada’s mission?

A
  • Ensuring that Canadians can exercise their democratic rights to vote and be a candidate
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4
Q

What kind of agency is elections Canada?

A
  • Independent, non-partisan agency
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5
Q

Who does elections Canada report to?

A
  • Directly to parliament
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6
Q

What should elections Canada always be prepared for?

A
  • to conduct a federal general election, by-election or referendum
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7
Q

What does Elections Canada do with the political financing provisions of the Canada Elections Act?

A
  • They administer them
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8
Q

Who monitors compliance with the Electoral Legislation?

A
  • Elections Canada
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9
Q

Who conducts public-information campaigns on voter registration, voting, and becoming a candidate?

A

Elections Canada

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10
Q

What are the core values of Elections Canada?

A
  • A knowledgeable and professional workforce
  • Transparency in everything we do
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11
Q

When are elections called?

A
  • When the PM decides
  • Must be within 5 years of the previous election
  • New Fixed Election date: 3rd Monday of October every 4 years
  • When government is defeated in a no-confidence vote
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12
Q

How many governments have been defeated in a non-confidence vote?

A
  • 6 since 1867
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13
Q

Who was originally allowed to vote in Canada following the British North American Act?

A
  • Men >21y who owned land
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14
Q

What did the Indian Act of 1876 do for voting rights?

A
  • Forced Indigenous people to give up their status to vote
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15
Q

What did the Wartime Elections ACt and Military Voters Act of 1917 do for voting rights?

A
  • Allowed all men and women serving overseas to vote
  • Allowed female relatives of soldiers to vote
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16
Q

When was the first time some women, first nations, and men under 21 were able to vote?

A
  • Wartime Elections Act and Military Voters Act 1917
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17
Q

What happened in 1918 for voting rights?

A
  • Women allowed to vote if they met same requirements as men
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18
Q

What was the Dominion Elections Act of 1920 and what did it do for voting rights?

A
  • Appointed Chief Electoral Officer
  • Added women to federal voting list
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19
Q

When were Inuit disqualified from voting?

A

1934

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20
Q

When did Asian Canadians gain the right to vote in Federal Elections?

A
  • 1948
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21
Q

When did Inuit gain the right to vote?

A
  • 1950
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22
Q

When did First Nations Women and Men gain the right to vote in federal elections without giving up their status?

A
  • 1960
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23
Q

When was the Charter of Rights and Freedoms? and what does it do for voting rights?

A

1982
- Affirms the right of every Canadian citizen to vote and stand as a candidate

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24
Q

How often is there a reallocation of seats?

A
  • Every 10 years following the decennial census
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25
Q

What is the equation for seat reallocation?

A

Provincial Population / Electoral Quotient = Initial Provincial Seat Allocation

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26
Q

What is the Senatorial Clause?

A
  • Province’s seat in House of Commons cannot fall below number of seats in senate
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27
Q

What is the Grandfather Clause?

A
  • Province’s seat in the House of Commons cannot fall below the number of seats in the 43 election (2019)
28
Q

How do MPs get nominated for the lead of there electoral district?

A

Electoral district association hold candidate nomination contests
- Candidate with majority votes wins

29
Q

When are elections held?

A
  • On Mondays
30
Q

What are employers required to do on election day?

A
  • allow 3 consecutive hours off work to vote
31
Q

Who oversees the elections in each electoral district?

A
  • The Returning Office (RO)
32
Q

Who oversees the ballot count?

A
  • Election Canada’s Returning Officers
  • Poll Clers
  • PArty Scrutineers
33
Q

Who wins the seat in each electoral district?

A
  • The candidate with the most votes
34
Q

What does the electoral system determine?

A
  • How votes are translated into seats in the House of Commons
35
Q

What is the Single Member plurality System also known as?

A
  • First Past the Post
  • Winner Takes All
36
Q

Explain a First Past the Post or Single Member Plurality System.

A
  • non-proportional electoral system
  • % of votes won by a party is often not the same to the % of seats won by the party
37
Q

What does the SMP/FPTP system often lead to?

A
  • Discrepancies between the % of votes a party receives & the % of seats the party wins
38
Q

What are the Pros of SMP/FPTP?

A
  • Easy to understand
  • Often leads to a majority government
  • Offers clear representation
39
Q

Why is SMP/FPTP easy to understand?

A
  • Candidate with most votes wins
  • Party with most seats wins
40
Q

Why are majority governments considered a pro?

A
  • More effective and efficient
  • More stable
41
Q

How does SMP/FPTP offer clear representation?

A
  • 1 MP per Electoral district
42
Q

What are some disadvantages of the SMP/FPTP?

A
  • Outcomes considered unfair
43
Q

Why are the results of SMP/FPTP considered unfair?

A
  • A party’s share of the vote seldom reflects its share of seats
44
Q

What are some disadvantages of SMP/FPTP?

A
  • Votes wasted
  • Over-reward major parties, with concentrated support
  • Fewer women candidates are selected
  • Losing candidate’s votes do not count at all
45
Q

How are votes wasted in the SMP/FPTP?

A
  • winning candidate only needs one more vote than their opponent to win
46
Q

what party benefits from concentrated support in the SMP/FPTP system?

A
  • BQ
47
Q

What did Justin Trudeau promise about the electoral process after the 2015 election?

A
  • Electoral Reform (no more FPTP)
48
Q

Who is the Chief Electoral Officer?

A
  • Overseas the election
  • Impartial
49
Q

Who are the returning Officers (RO)?

A
  • Oversee administration of elections in each of the electoral districts
50
Q

What happened post-2006 for the ROs?

A
  • Must be impartial
51
Q

How is the voters’ list formed?

A
  • Through government information sources
52
Q

What categories do the different types of electoral systems fall into?

A
  • Proportional
  • Non-Proportional
53
Q

what category does SMP fall under?

A
  • Non-proportional electoral system
54
Q

What was the Election Finance Law from 1974-2003 meant to do?

A
  • Make the system more equitable, transparent, and participatory
55
Q

What did the Election Finance Law state? (4)

A
  • Ceiling placed on party & candidate spending
  • Contributions of $100 or more disclosed
  • Tax Credit provisions
  • Candidates with 15% or more of vote would have expenses subsidized
56
Q

What is the Post-2003 Election Finance Law revisions?

A
  • Restrict corporate & union contributions
  • Limit individual contributions to $5000/year
  • Compensate parties for loss of contributions they received a $1.75 per vote subsidy
57
Q

What were the Post-2003 election finance law revisions meant to do?

A
  • Reduce financial inequity between parties
  • Address scandal to do with corporate donations to parties
58
Q

What were some changes from the Federal Accountability Act, 2006?

A
  • Candidates who receive 10% votes reimbursed 60% for election expenses
  • Parties receive 50% rebate of election expenses
59
Q

What was the per vote subsidy changed to in 2008?

A
  • $2
60
Q

What was the per vote subsidy changed to in 2011?

A
  • Reduced by 1/3 for 2012-2015
  • Phased out post-2015
61
Q

Post 2015: Describe the reimbursements for political parties?

A

If comply with financial reporting provisions of Canada Elections Act and receive 2% federal vote or 5% electoral district vote: 50% reimbursement of paid election expenses & 90% reimbursement for paid accessiblity expenses up to $250k

62
Q

Are there any pre-election spending restrictions? Why might this be an issue?

A

NO
- benefits large party

63
Q

What are some reforms to party and election finance since 2006?

A
  • Ban on corporate and union contributions
  • Individual contributions limit of $1650/year
  • Contributions eligible for 75% tax credit for contributions up to $400
  • Contributions of $200 or more disclosed
64
Q

What did the Elections Act, 2000, impose on third-party advertising during campaigns?

A
  • $150k limit
65
Q

What was the third-party advertising during campaign limit adjusted to in 2011?

A
  • $188k
66
Q
A

Poli 1102 (13 decks)

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