Ch. 2 Flashcards
In 2011, the National Prevention Strategy released a plan to increase the number of Americans who are healthy at every stage of life. The National Prevention Strategy was authorized by the:
A.
Department of Health and Human Services
B.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
C.
Affordable Care Act
D.
American Medical Association
C. Affordable Care Act
A nursing student is studying the National Prevention Council Action Plan. The student correctly identifies which one of the following interventions as not reflecting the strategic directions in this plan?
A.
Conducting bi-weekly visits to new mothers and newborn babies
B.
Paying for insurance for low-income families
C.
Providing nutrition classes which offer weekly fill-in guides for grocery shopping
D.
Building a health and exercise center in a hospital near the physical and occupational therapy areas
B. Paying for insurance for low-income families
Based on the ecological model of health, a nurse would evaluate which of the following to understand why a community is having a large incidence of recurring respiratory infections?
A.
Local health-care facilities
B.
Community health-care programs
C.
Medical tests results
D.
Living and employment situations
D. Living and employment situations
If a nurse is focusing on prevention and establishing a public health intervention for an illness by following the natural history of a disease, he or she is:
A.
Making sure that everyone in a certain area receives treatment
B.
Studying the biological components of the disease
C.
Looking at medical trends of clients who have had the disease
D.
Going to the autopsies of the patients who have died
C. Looking at medical trends of clients who have had the disease.
When a health-care provider offers nutritional health teaching on portions, patterns, and choices, he or she is using which type of approach?
A.
Ecological
B.
Downstream
C.
Upstream
D.
Health promotion
B. Downstream
A school cafeteria is planning menus for the school year. They must follow the 2012 national law that calls for school lunch programs to:
A.
Have larger portions of fruits and vegetables, less sodium, and no trans fats
B.
Have more protein and fewer carbohydrates
C.
Offer 2% milk and low fat dairy products
D.
Places a cap on lunch calories at 900, for all grades
A. Have larger portions of fruits and vegetables, less sodium, and no trans fats.
A nurse could encourage prevention for a patient with diabetes by
A.
Having the patient try an experimental treatment
B.
Asking them to share their experiences with other people
C.
Having them take doses of the prescribed medicine on a PRN, or as needed, basis.
D.
Helping him or her to slow the progression of the disease and prevent secondary illnesses related to the disease, such as blindness
D. Helping him or her to slow the progression of the disease and prevent secondary illnesses r/t the disease such as blindness
In order to assess the predominance of a disease in a population, a public health nurse (PHN) looks at a prevalence pot, which is
A.
A way of estimating the amount of vaccine that needs to be produced
B.
A way of estimating the past number of cases of a specific disease in a given area
C.
A way of assessing the total number of cases of a disease that takes into account all of the stages of the disease
D.
A method of calculating the potential number of various diseases in a given area
C. A way of assessing the total number of cases of a disease that takes into account all of the stages of the disease
A PHN notices the rising incidence of H1N1 (swine flu) in a geographic area. The nurse considers possible interventions, knowing that the preclinical phase of H1N1 lasts:
A.
One to two days
B.
Two to four days
C.
Three to four days
D.
Five to seven days
A. One to two days.
In the traditional public health prevention framework, the level of prevention that includes early detection and initiation of treatment for disease, or screening, is referred to as the:
A.
Clinical level
B.
Primary level
C.
Tertiary level
D.
Secondary level
D. Secondary level
Attributable risk is the proportion of cases or injuries that would be eliminated if a risk factor did not occur, but preventable fraction is:
A.
The number of cases that actually occur
B.
What could be achieved with a program implemented in a community setting within the at-risk population when community members actually participate in the program?
C.
The number of cases that require intervention
D.
What the estimated number of cases with high-risk factors are
B. What could be achieved with a program implemented in a community setting within the at-risk population when community members actually participate in the program?
Population attributable risk (PAR) is based on the assumption that the risk factor is removed from the entire population being targeted. It also can be used to calculate the cost benefit and the ____ of a prevention program.
A.
Cost effectiveness
B.
Necessity
C.
Population ecology
D.
Percent of repeat participants
A. Cost effectiveness
The nursing student is studying learning theories. He learns that television commercials are an example of which learning theory?
A.
Constructivism
B.
Cognitivist
C.
Bandura’s theory of social learning
D.
Behaviorism
C. bandura’s theory of social learning
A patient diagnosed with diabetes buys books, reads articles, talks with knowledgeable people, informs himself about what he can do to improve his health, and takes action. The PHN recognizes this method of adult learning as
A.
Pedagogy
B.
Andragogy
C.
Constructivism
D.
Humanism
D. Humanism
A nursing student is listening to a lecture on poor health outcomes. Based on research by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), the instructor says that less knowledge of chronic disease management, performance of fewer health promotion activities, low usage of the health-care system, and less use of preventative services are due to:
A.
Low health literacy
B.
Poor insurance
C.
Limited access to medical services
D.
Few prevention programs
A. Low health literacy
