Ch 19 Study Guide Flashcards
Brazil’s political system…
Monarchy > Republican government > dictatorship under Getulio Vargas
Vargas suppressed political opposition, but promoted economic growth and turned Brazil into and industrial nation.
Democracy - What is needed for it to work?
- Education and literacy (reading and writing) to make accurate political decisions.
- Stable economy
- Strong middle class
- Firm belief that no one is above the law
- Law prevents leaders from abusing power w/o fear or punishment.
Define Apartheid.
In 1948, the Nationalist Party came to power in South Africa. This party promoted Afrikaner, or Dytch South African, nationalism.
Instituted a policy of APARTHEID, or complete separation of races.
Describe Nigerian Military in 1993.
After the civil war in Nigeria, the military governed Nigeria while promising to bring back civilian rule. In 1993, elections were held, but the results were deemed invalid. Soon a dictator named General Sani Abacha took hold of power.
Who was Gorbachev and what was he famous for doing?
Gorbachev was one of the youngest men to represent the Politburo party
- Announced a policy of openness , glasnost
- Introduced the idea of perestroika, or economic restructuring.
- Reformed economy, had democratization opens\ the political system, and changed foreign policy.
The fall of the Iron Curtain refers to?
The reunification of Europes division of western and eastern europe.
Who was Boris Yeltsin?
Opposed Gorbachev. Criticized crackdown of Lithuania and the slow pace of reforms
What is ethnic cleansing?
The removal of one or more ethnicities of a province or region through force.
What were the Four Modernizations?
Deng Xiaoping supported this set of goals to progress agriculture, industry, defense, and sci/tech
Chinese students…
… Studied abroad in western countries and learned about democracy. Began questioning China’s political freedom.
(Remember Tianmen Square)
