Ch 13 Flashcards
What part of Europe was referred to as a powder keg?
The Balkans are called the powder keg of Europe because hundreds of wars have ignited there, including World War 1 when Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie were assassinated by a Serbian teenager.
Define militarism.
The policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war.
The school yard bully!
What did Kaiser Wilhelmina do for Germany?
Forced Bismarck to resign
Proud and stubborn (and honestly kind of an asshole), he did not want to share power. Wanting to assert his power, he was eager to show off how powerful Germany had become.
Let his treaty pass between Russia, resulting in Russia forming a defensive army.
Difference between Western and Eastern front?
Western front referred to the deadlocked region in northern France.
Eastern front referred to a stretch of battlefield along the German-Russian border.
What was the Schlieffen plan?
Plan calling for attacking and defeating France I’m the west and rushing to the east to battle Russia.
It ended up failing.
Where were central powers located?
All four were located between Russia in the east and France + Britain in the west.
The Central Powers were composed of these nations: Austro-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Kingdom of Bulgaria.
Why did the U.S have to be a nosy neighbor in WW1?
Germans were basically being total dicks about unrestricted submarine warfare. Even when warned by President Wilson to halt the destruction of neutral passenger ships, these guys decided to shoot down more.
Also tried to conspire with Mexico and Japan vs. America.
Define total war.
Countries involved devoted all their resources to war effort.
What is armistice?
An agreement to stop fighting.
Occurred between Wilhelm II and French Commander Marshal Foch and signed on a train.
What were the 14 points?
A series of peace proposals drawn up by Woodrow Wilson.
Included:
- end to secret treaties
- freedom of the seas
- free trade
- reduced national armies and navies
What was self-determination?
Guiding idea behind 14 points which allowed people to decide for themselves which government they wished to live under.
Treaty of Versailles…
Compromise between Allied Powers and Germany.
Created a League of Nations, an international association whose goal was to keep peace across the nations,
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How was Germany punished in the treaty of Versailles?
Limited military power
Given “war guilt”
Lost a substantial amount of land and colonies in Africa. Colonies would become mandates temporarily governed by Allied Powers.
What did the fourteenth point say?
“General association of nations would protect great and small states alike.”
Reflected Wilson’s hope for negotiation with peace
Who made up the Allied Powers or Allies?
Great Britain, France, Russia.