CH 19 Genetics

Question 1

What is Genetics

Answer 1

The study of heredity, and the process in which parents pass down certain genes

Question 2

Where do alleles come from?

Answer 2

-Millions of years of mutations and random changes to DNA

-Weren’t corrected before cell division

Question 3

Genotype vs Phenotype

Answer 3

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism

-phenotype describes its observable traits or characteristics

Question 4

How do we distinguish between two different alleles?

Answer 4

Can use upper and lower-case letters to distinguish the two alleles
AA or aa (Homozygous)
Aa (heterozygous)

Question 5

-Used to predict patterns of inheritance

-Parents are diploid (give 1 of each chromosome)

Answer 5

Punnett squares

Question 6

The Genome

Answer 6

-The entire set of genetic material(DNA) found in a cell
-Located in Cell nucleus
-Contains all the information for the cell to function

Question 7

Alleles can be _____

Answer 7

Homozygous or heterozygous

Question 8

Humans inherit __ copy of each autosome and __ sex chromosome from each parent

Answer 8

-1
-1
Gives 2 copies of each gene

Question 9

Autosome are not __

Answer 9

completely identical

Question 10

Differences may occur in genes, producing alternative versions called __

Answer 10

Alleles

Question 11

Alleles code for what?

Answer 11

different proteins with different structures affecting how the protein functions

Question 12

Examples of phenotype environmental/lifestyle factors and characteristic traits

Answer 12

-Hair color, eye color, height, body shape, freckles, blood type

Question 13

What are Mendelin Traits

Answer 13

-Inherited traits that are determined by genes
-Passed down from parents to children
-Child inherits 2 sets of genes

Question 14

Dominate vs Recessive alleles

Answer 14

Dominant alleles overpower recessive alleles when both are present in an organism’s genotype.