CH 18:Cancer

Question 2

Two types of tumors

Answer 2

Benign:
-Non-cancerous
-remain in one place
-surgically removed

Malignant:
-Invades/compromises normal organ/tissue function
-Increase in nucleus

Question 3

3 groups of genes MOST likely to cause cancer

Answer 3

Proto-oncogenes
Tumor suppressor genes
Mutator genes

Question 4

Common types of cancer

Answer 4

-Carcinomas(Occurs in epithelial tissues)
-Sarcomas(occurs in connective or muscle tissues)
-Gliomas(occurs in nervous tissues)
-Leukemias(Occurs in white blood cells)

Question 5

Factors that lead to cancer

Answer 5

-Age
-Inherited genes
-Carcinogens
-chemicals
-radiation
-Infectious agents( hepatitis b or c)
-Diet
-Type 2 diabetics

Question 6

Cells in the immune system do what?

Answer 6

Identify proteins

Question 7

Immune system does what

Answer 7

defends the body against cancer

Question 8

2 groups of chemotherapy drugs

Answer 8

Cell cycle specific(CCS)
-Kill cancer and normal cells at specific points

Cell cycle nonspecific(CCNS)
-Kill at any point in cell cycle by adding small molecules at bases of dna

Question 9

Phases of Cell cycle specific

Answer 9

G1: death of cells
S: disrupts DNA replication
G2: interfere with DNA/ RNA synthesis
Mitosis: prevents chromosomes from separating by poisoning the mitotic spindle

Question 10

Different chemotherapy options

Answer 10

Adjuvant - chemicals given after surgery or radiation

Neo-adjuvant – chemicals given to shrink a tumor before surgery or radiation

Question 11

Chemotherapy( kill log) first approach

Answer 11

Late diagnosis

Treatment begins late

Prolongs survivals, but does not prevent death

Question 12

Chemotherapy( kill log) second approach

Answer 12

Uses combination drug therapy

Begun earlier then 1st approach

Treatments are more frequent

Question 13

Chemotherapy (kill log) 3rd approach

Answer 13

Early surgery removes primary tumor

Intense chemotherapy for several months

Reduces tumor cells to low number

Can be cured with immune system aid