Ch 19: Acids, Bases, and Salts Flashcards
Acids taste ____, will change the color of an acid-base indicator ___, and can be strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous solution.
sour
red
Tomatoes, citrus, and vinegar are examples of…
acids.
What is an acid containing oxygen?
Oxyacid
When acids neutralize bases, what is formed?
Water
Acids start with…
H.
Bases taste ______, will change the color of an acid-base indicator ____, and can be strong or weak in aqueous solution.
bitter
blue
Tums, baking soda, and window cleaner are examples of…
bases.
Bases end with…
OH
What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid?
Produces H+ ions in water.
What is an acid with one proton?
Monoprotic acids
What is an acid with two protons?
Diprotic acids
What is an acid with three protons?
Triprotic acids
What is the Arrhenius definition of a base?
Produces OH- ions in water.
Which theory defines an acid as a hydrogen-ion donor?
Brønsted-Lowry
What is the word for a substance that can be an acid or a base depending on the circumstances?
Amphoteric
Who proposed that an acid accepts a pair of electrons during a reaction, while a base donates a pair of electrons?
Lewis
For aqueous solutions, the product of the hydrogen-ion concentration and the hydroxide-ion concentrations equals…
1.0 X 10^-14
A solution in which [H+] is _______ than 1 X 10-7 M has a pH less than 7.0 and is acidic.
greater
The pH of pure water or a neutral aqueous solution is…
7.0
A solution with a pH greater than 7 is basic and has a [H+] of ____ than 1 X 10-7.
less
What is [H+] X [OH-] = 1.0 X 10-14?
Ion-product constant for water (Kw)
What is -log[H+] ?
pH
What is -log[OH-]?
pOH
An _________ is a valuable tool for measuring pH because its acid form and base form have different colors in solution.
indicator
What has complete dissociation (100%)?
Strong acids
What has partial dissociation and is not as strong as a proton donor?
Weak acids
The majority of acids are what type of acids?
Weak acids
To find the __ of a weak acid or the __ of a weak base, substitute the measured concentrations of all the substances present at equilibrium into the expression for __ or __.
Ka
Kb
Ka
Kb
What is [H+] [A-] / [HA]?
Ka
In general, the reaction of an acid with a base produces _____ and one of a class of compounds called _____.
water
salts
The point of neutralization is the ___ _____ of the titration.
end point
In general, salts that produce acidic solutions contain _________ ions that _______ protons to water.
positive
release
Salts that produce basic solutions contain ________ ions that _______ protons from water.
negative
attract
A ______ is a solution of weak acid and one of its salts, or a solution of a weak base and one of its salts.
buffer
