Ch 13: States of Matter Flashcards
What are considered to be small, hard spheres with an insignificant volume?
Particles of a gas
How is the motion of the particles in a gas?
Rapid, constant, and random.
All collisions between particles in a gas are perfectly _______.
Elastic
What is the result of simultaneous collisions of billions of rapidly moving particles in a gas within an object?
Gas pressure
The Kelvin temperature of a substance is _______ ____________ to the average kinetic energy of all the particles of a substance.
directly proportional
What does the interplay between the disruptive motions of particles in liquid and the attractions among the particles determine?
The physical properties of liquids.
During evaporation, only those molecules with a certain minimum _______ ______ can escape the _______ of the liquid.
kinetic energy
surface
When is equilibrium reached?
When the maximum amount of vapor is achieved.
1 atm =___ mm Hg
760
1 atm = _____ kPa
101.3
101.3 kPa = ___ mm Hg
760
What happens when a liquid is heated to a temperature at which particles throughout the liquid have enough kinetic energy to vaporize?
The liquid begins to boil.
Also known as when the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure.
Boiling point
If vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure, _____ will form throughout the liquid, not merely at the surface.
vapor
Evaporation equals the surface, there will be _______ throughout.
boiling
Normal boiling point =
1 atm
What are reflected by the orderly arrangement of their particle and the fixed locations of their particles?
The general properties of solids.
The shape of a _______ reflect the arrangement of the particles within the solid.
crystal
What occurs in solids with vapor pressures that exceed atmospheric pressure at or near room temperature?
Sublimation
The conditions of pressure and temperature at which two phases exist in equilibrium are indicated on a phase diagram by
a line separating the phases.
The temperature and pressure at which the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases exist simultaneously is known as what?
Triple point
What is the temperature above which a substance will be a gas regardless of the pressure?
Critical point
