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Kin 225 > CH 18 Pt Cd > Flashcards

CH 18 Pt Cd Flashcards

1
Q

Fusiform muscles

A

Long fibers, high FL: ML ratio
-hamstring, dorsiflexor
-spindle like, long and narrow
-low physiological cross sectional area

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2
Q

Pennants muscles

A

Short fibers, low FL:ML ratio
-quad, plantar flexors
-fan like fascicles
High physiological cross sectional area

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3
Q

PCSA changes how

A

With the muscle fibers directions

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4
Q

The more fibres packed into the PCSA…

A

The greater the force it can produce

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5
Q

The more fibres packed into the PCSA…

A

The greater the force it can produce

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6
Q

Short fibers create greater force in a pennate muscle, so the greater the force…

A

The lower the velocity, thus long fibers create greater velocity

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7
Q

Fiber Arrangement Influences: (2)

A

Force Generating Capacity
-fusiform: longer working range, lower max force
-pennate: 2X force of fusiform

Range of Motion
-fusiform muscle exhibits greater ROM as compared to pennate muscles

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8
Q

What stage of a push-up is hardest and why?

A

The start because when muscles are really stretched or shortened, they will be weaker as they need to get to the other “side” of their extreme

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9
Q

At any absolute force

A

The speed of movement is greater in muscle with higher percent of fast twitch fibers

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10
Q

What shortens during a contraction?

A

Sarcomere

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11
Q

During contraction:

A

The length of the thick and thin filaments do not change
The eight of the sarcomere decreases as actin is pulled over myosin

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12
Q

Main molecule used for energy in muscle contraction is from:

A

ATP hydrolysis
-atp is broken down into ADP+ Pi+ Energy

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13
Q

Globular head of myosin contains:

A

Actin activated myosin ATPase

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14
Q

Relaxed state/ Detached/ At Rest:

A

Myosin on the globular head
-atp attached to binding site on globular head
-actin binding site is empty
-myosin binding site on actin is covered by Troponin and Tropomyosin

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15
Q
  1. Actomysoin complex
A

If binding site is available, loose binding between actin and myosin
-ADP and Pi both still attach to the globular hear

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16
Q
  1. Power Stroke
A

Pi released= tightens binding
-myosin head conformation change
-reposition angle of attachment
Myosin pulls actin towards M-line

17
Q

Sliding Filament Model Review

A
  1. ATP bound to myosin
  2. ATP hydrolysis, energy stored in myosin head
  3. Loose binding between myosin and actin
    -ATP broken down to ADP+ Pi + Energy
  4. Pi is released -tightens binding
  5. Conformational change of myosin head
  6. Starts pulling of actin towards M-line (cross bridge movement)
  7. Myosin drops ADP as it moves
  8. New ATP binds to myosin
  9. Release of myosin head from actin (cross bridge disassociates)
18
Q

Actin, Myosin, and ATP Review

A
  1. Myosin head bound to ATP
  2. ATP hydrolysis, energy stored in globular head
  3. Myosin loosely interacts with actin
  4. Pi released, myosin and actin bonds tightens
  5. Myosin cross bridge movement starts to creature sliding motion
  6. ADP released
  7. Myosin bins with new ATP, acctomyosin complex dissasociates
19
Q

What are regulatory proteins? (2)

A

Troponin and Tropomyosin

20
Q

What is steric blocking

A

Inhibitory action of regulatory proteins

21
Q

Physiological mechanism of excitation- contraction coupling

A

Electrical discharge at muscle initiates chemical events at cell surface
SR releases intracellular Ca2+
Ca2+ combines to Troponin Troponin pulls tropomyosin off active actin sites (removes inhibitory)
Allows actin to combine with myosin

22
Q

Relaxation of Muscle Process:

A

Ca2+ is actively pumped out and back into the SR by SR ATPase
-removal of Ca2+ restores inhibitory action of Troponin- tropomyosin
Troponin allows tropomyosin to interfere with actin- myosin interaction

23
Q

If a muscle fibre has greater SR ATPase what characteristic would it demonstrate?

A

Fast twitch/ Type 2 properties as it fatigues faster

24
Q

EC Coupling and Sliding Filament Model: Step 1

A

Depolarizationn of T-tubule system causes Ca2+ release from lateral sacs of SR
-Ca2+ binds to Troponin- tropomyosin in actin filaments, releasing inhibition that prevented actin from combining with myosin
Actin combines with myosin

25
Q

EC Coupling and Sliding Filament Model: Step 2

A

Energy produces myosin cross bridge (myosin tightens bond with actin) -creates tension
New ATP binds to myosin cross bridge -breaks actin -myosin bonds
-allows cross bridge disassociation and sliding of thick and thin filaments (muscle shortens)

26
Q

EC Coupling and Sliding Filament Model: Pt 3

A

Cross bridge activation continues when Ca2+ concentration remains high enough to inhibit Troponin- tropomyosin system
When muscle stimulation stops, intracelular Ca2+ concentration decreases fast as Ca2+ moves back into lateral sacs of SR from active transport

27
Q

EC Coupling and Sliding Filament Model: Pt 4

A

Ca2+ removal restores inhibitory action of Troponin- tropomyosin
Actin and myosin remain in disassociated, relaxed state

28
Q

Possible Effects of Caffiene

A

Enhances motor neuronal excitability
CNS stimulant
Increase calcium release from SR, and calcium sensitivity
Improves aerobic endurance performance

29
Q

Epimysium

A

Around entire muscle
-deep fascia

30
Q

Epimysium

A

Around entire muscle
-deep fascia

31
Q

Perimysium

A

Around bundles of fibers

32
Q

Endomysium

A

Around individual fibers (between)

33
Q

Full step by Step of muscle contraction

A
  1. Stimulation of muscle signals SSR to release calcium
  2. Calcium binds to Troponin
  3. Troponin pulls/ lifts tropomyosin off actin sites (releases inhibition)
  4. Myosin binds to actin
  5. Myosin cross bridge movement (thick and thin start to slide)
  6. Myosin (actomyosin complex) binds with ATP and causes disassociation of actin and myosin (completes slide)
  7. Calcium is removed (restores inhibition)
  8. Muscle relaxes
34
Q

4 Functions of the skeletal muscle

A

Locomotion, Body posture, thermoregulation/ thermogenesis. Venous return

Kin 225 (7 decks)

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