Ch. 18 notes Flashcards
What 2 systems act together to coordinate all systems of the body?
Nervous and endocrine system
What is the difference between endocrine glands and exocrine glands?
Exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts. Endocrine glands secrete hormones
What are examples of exocrine glands?
sudoriferous(sweat), sebaceous(oil), mucous, and digestive glands
What are examples of endocrine glands?
the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pineal glands
What organs and tissues that are not part of the endocrine system, but secrete hormone?
hypothalamus, thalamus, pancreas, ovaries, testes, kidney’s, stomach, liver, small intestine, skin, heart, adipose tissue and placenta
How does the concentration of a hormone affect the number of receptors on target cells?
Receptors may be down regulated in the presence of high concentration of hormone, or may be up regulated in the presence of low hormones
What are the two types of hormones based on chemical solubility?
Lipid soluble(steroid and thyroid) and water soluble (amino, peptide and protein)
How are these two types of hormones carried in the body?
water soluble hormones circulate freely in the plasma. Lipid soluble hormones circulate bont to transport proteins.
What is the difference in mechanism of action?
Lipid soluble hormones binds to receptors within target cells. Water soluble bind to receptors on the exterior surface of the target cell.
What are the three main factors in controlling hormone secreation?
nervous system, signals and chemical changes in blood from other hormones
What is negative feedback?
occurs when a change in some variables causes a reaction which decreases. Opposite direction
What is a positive feedback?
occurs when a change in some variables causes a reaction which increases that change, moving in the same direction.
What two hormones produce by the neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus ?
oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
How is oxytocin released?
In response to stretch placed on the cervix during childbirth
