Ch. 18 Cardiopulmonary Disorders Flashcards
Alveoli
- small air sacs in the lungs
- where gas exchange occurs
With COPD, lack of oxygen to body structures could cause _____
cognitive deficits
Coronary Artery Disease
- when the arteries are filled with hardened plaque
- precursor to CHF
- MOST COMMON type of heart disease in U.S.
Emphysema (COPD)
- the walls of alveoli become damaged making it difficult to breath
- alveoli grow in size and become inflamed, decrease in number
- irreversible
Chronic Bronchitis (COPD)
- lining of the airways become irritated and inflamed causing the lining to thicken with mucus
- affects people aged 65< more often
- irreversible
CHF Medications (2)
- angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor - expands blood vessels and eases the heart’s workload
- diuretics - reduce blood vessels
CAD Medications (3)
- aspirin - blood thinner
- beta-blockers - reduce HR to lower BP
- nitroglycerin - opens the coronary arteries
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
- procedures in which arteries or veins are removed and surgically attached to bypass the blocked arteries in the heart
- associated with CAD
Angioplasty
opens the clogged artery by inserting an inflated balloon to compress the plaque to the sides and opens the wall
Hypertension
- increase in the amount of force that is pushing against the artery walls as the hear pumps blood
- pts. are typically asymptomatic
- affects 29% of U.S. adults
Endaterectomy
removes plaque from the carotid artery allowing better blood flow to the brain
Myocardial Infarction
- occurs when the blood flow to the heart muscle is severely reduced or completely occluded
- causes heart to be without oxygen
- leading cause - atherosclerosis
Systolic BP
measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts
Diastolic BP
pressure in the arteries between heart beats
Pulse Rate
- # of times beats/min
- avg 72 BPM
Respiratory Rate
- # of breaths/min
- 15-20 breaths/min
Oxygen Saturation
- amount of oxygen the blood is carrying
- oxygen desaturation - 90%
Precautions for someone healing from a cardiopulmonary disorder
- HR monitoring
- low sodium diet
- follow medication schedule
- avoid heavy lifting
Atrial Fibrillation
irregular, rapid HR that can lead to poor flow in the body
Congestive Heart Failure
- decreased blood flow to the tissues
- congestion in the pulmonary and circulatory systems
- causes fluid retention throughout the body
- caused by CAD
- adults aged 65< most impacted
- slowly progressive => death
Thrombolytic therapy
- dissolution of an occluding thrombus
- applied in Tx of MI and CVA
