Ch. 18 Cardiopulmonary Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
Alveoli
A
- small air sacs in the lungs
- where gas exchange occurs
2
Q
With COPD, lack of oxygen to body structures could cause _____
A
cognitive deficits
3
Q
Coronary Artery Disease
A
- when the arteries are filled with hardened plaque
- precursor to CHF
- MOST COMMON type of heart disease in U.S.
4
Q
Emphysema (COPD)
A
- the walls of alveoli become damaged making it difficult to breath
- alveoli grow in size and become inflamed, decrease in number
- irreversible
5
Q
Chronic Bronchitis (COPD)
A
- lining of the airways become irritated and inflamed causing the lining to thicken with mucus
- affects people aged 65< more often
- irreversible
6
Q
CHF Medications (2)
A
- angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor - expands blood vessels and eases the heart’s workload
- diuretics - reduce blood vessels
7
Q
CAD Medications (3)
A
- aspirin - blood thinner
- beta-blockers - reduce HR to lower BP
- nitroglycerin - opens the coronary arteries
8
Q
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
A
- procedures in which arteries or veins are removed and surgically attached to bypass the blocked arteries in the heart
- associated with CAD
9
Q
Angioplasty
A
opens the clogged artery by inserting an inflated balloon to compress the plaque to the sides and opens the wall
10
Q
Hypertension
A
- increase in the amount of force that is pushing against the artery walls as the hear pumps blood
- pts. are typically asymptomatic
- affects 29% of U.S. adults
11
Q
Endaterectomy
A
removes plaque from the carotid artery allowing better blood flow to the brain
12
Q
Myocardial Infarction
A
- occurs when the blood flow to the heart muscle is severely reduced or completely occluded
- causes heart to be without oxygen
- leading cause - atherosclerosis
13
Q
Systolic BP
A
measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts
14
Q
Diastolic BP
A
pressure in the arteries between heart beats
15
Q
Pulse Rate
A
- # of times beats/min
- avg 72 BPM
