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Ch 13-20 > Ch 18 > Flashcards

Ch 18 Flashcards

0
Q

Thin or absent. Exposes bedrock to weathering/erosion contributes to stark, rigged, rocky terrain.

A

Soil regolith

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1
Q

Mechanical weathering is dominant, chemical weathering is absent in the DRYEST deserts, salt wedging is more common in the not humid areas.

A

Weathering

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2
Q

Surface like cap-rock and hardpans-high runoff terrain. Resistant bedrock surface. Hardened/water impermeable.

A

Impermeable surface

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3
Q

Not all deserts are a sea of sand. -high sand proportions have 3 influences. 1. Sandy cover allows water to infiltrate the ground, inhibiting via streams and overland flow. 2. Sand is moved by heavy rain. 3. It can be transported & redeposited by wind.

A

Sand

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4
Q

Usually very intense, but short, cover a limited area, fluid erosion and deposition is effective and conspicuous.

A

Rainfall

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5
Q

Almost all streams are ephemeral, only during and immediately after rain.

A

Fluvial deposition

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6
Q

Most desert drainage terminus is a basin or valley with no external outlet. No stream/sea

A

Basin of interior drainage

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7
Q

Lack if vegetation Is the single most significant feature that provides little protection from raindrops or function inadequately to bid the surface material w/roots. Really spread out.

A

Vegetation

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8
Q

Impermeable surface-sand (which is separate soil but not ACTUAL soil) in softened regolith soil, vegetation. Gives the concave Angularity of desert slopes

A

Soil creep

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9
Q

FLUVIAL deposition, vegetation, even if scarce every desert had plants. -high rapid runoff

A

Rainfall

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10
Q

Mechanical weathering in no veg. Area without water

Chemical weathering where whetstone and water resides .

A

Dry climates

Moist climates

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11
Q

Scarce vegetation
Great volumes of sediment moved in short time
Over land flow

A

Running water in waterless regions

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12
Q

Exotic streams
Ephemeral streams
Desert lakes

A

Surface water deserts

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13
Q

The nile river, Colorado river
Water comes from mountains
In dry lands the flow diminishes downstream, the water seeps into the river bed or evaporates, and it is directed for irrigation. In humid areas it is nourished .

A

Exotic streams

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14
Q

More than 99% of desert streams.

Cause the most intense erosion/ transportation/ and deposition.

A

Ephemeral lakes

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15
Q

Dry lake beds

  • playas
  • playa lakes
A

Desert lakes

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16
Q

Temporary lakes built form playas water.

A

Playa lakes

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17
Q

Flattest most level land forming. Salina of salt. Dry lake bed.

A

Playas

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18
Q

The most permanent desert lakes are

A

Saline lakes

19
Q

Only during small portion f the year.

Mechanically weathered and erosion results in steep rocky surfaces.

A

FLUVIAL erosion in arid lands

20
Q

Hardness of rock layers differs.
Rocks resistant to weathering and erosion form cliffs pinnacles spires or sharp crests. Soft rocks produce gentle slope surfaces and features

A

Differential erosion

21
Q

A residual erosional surface.

“Island mountains” very resistant.

A

Inselbergs

22
Q

Ephemeral stream deposit channels

A

FLUVIAL deposition in arid lands

23
Q

Entry inclined bedrock platform. A residual surface. Left by weathering and removal of rock NOT deposition.

A

Pediment

24
Q

Any zone or foot of mtn. range.

Area of FLUVIAL deposition.

A

Piedmont areas

25
Q

More notable and found in desert landscapes

A

Talus accumulations

26
Q

Deposit Above piedmont angle

A

Alluvial fan

27
Q

Ergs
Regs
Hamada

A

Characteristic desert surfaces

28
Q

Stony desert
Arabic for stone, desert pavement. Surface pebbles for closely together sealing material form further erosion. “Desert armor” gibber plain in Australia . Flat.

A

Reg

29
Q

A sea of sand. “Arabic for sand. As high as sand dunes.

A

Erg

30
Q

Rock. Little loose material. Exposed bedrock. Sediment is cemented by salt material. Flat,

A

Hamada

31
Q

Basin and range terrain

Mesa and scarp terrain

A

2 representative desert landform assemblages in US deserts

32
Q

3 influences range
Piedmont zones
Basins

A

Basin and range terrain

33
Q

Mountain “” dominate the horizon in all directions. Ruggedness, steep, rocky

A

Ranges

34
Q

"”At the base of mountain ranges sharp break in slope marks change in range to basin floor “ transition area” area of FLUVIAL deposition. (Rarely visible)

A

Piedmont zone

35
Q

Flattish floor of basin, very gentle slope from all sides, playa is the low point.

A

Basin

36
Q

Presence of “” gives a brilliant white color to the playa or Salina surface.
The “” lakes are clear, with salty froth on edges .
The “” lakes are muddy, lack “” to make silt settle.

A

Salt
Salina
Freshwater
Salt

37
Q

Vast CA’s topographic museum. Primer basin and range terrain. Down dropped “valley” basin. Result of crustal extension taking place throughout basin & range. 150 mi long trough. 4-16 mi range. Not a classic graben.ore tilted on east side. “Pull apart” basin. Formed where land drops between 2 parallel strike slip faults. Valley 86 meters below sea level. Rocky barren and rugged surroundings untwined. Steep erosion and slopes. Flat surfaces led topographic features hard to sea l. Incredible depth of alluvium.

A

Death Valley

38
Q

“Table” & “escarpment” flat topped surfaced horizontal layers of rock. Slopes have multiple scraps. Deferential weathering. Residual landforms. Sedimentary strata. Hard cap rock. Mesa and scarp terrain. Stair step pattern. The most resistant limestone and sandstone are responsible for Mesa and scarp.

A

Mesa and scarp terrain

39
Q

Eroded strata =

A

Inclined slopes

40
Q

Resistant strata =

A

Mesa or scarps.

41
Q

A flat topped steep sided hill w/a limited summit area. Remnant of former extended area. Sometimes in isolation. 3 Mesa

A

Smaller but related to a Mesa. Erosion all remnant. Very small surface area/cliffs rise above surroundings formed from mesa Mass wasting. 2

42
Q

Further residual feature of butte, smaller “pinnacle” final aspire resistant cap-rock protects underlying beds. 1

A

Pillar

43
Q

The top plat forms. bonded on one or more sides by escarpment, 4

A

Plateau

44
Q

The loss of lands productivity, caused by human induced factors and climate Change. “Land degradation” climate change lead to drought. -deforestation -overgrazing livestock -improvident use f water resources. -dust bowls -a case of desertification -caused by imprudent land use and poor economic conditions .drought impacts -vegetation disappears live stick perishes 10-1000’s of people die outflow of uncertain futures to overcrowded areas

A

Desertification

Ch 13-20 (8 decks)

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