Ch 13 Flashcards
Plutonic int and volcanic ext
Are part of
Igneous rocks
Mafic
Dark colored
Low silica
Rock??
Basalt
Most if the us is
Sedimentary
Knowledge of earth is based on indirect evidence yet earth is said to have a dense inner core with 3 concentric layers of various compositions and density
Structure of earth
Inner/outer core
Mantle
Crust
The uppermost lithosphere, rigid zone, a zone where rocks are so hot they lose strength and become plastic -easily deformed, tar like. The asthenosphere. Beneath is the lower “ rigid rocks again. (1,800) mi
Mantle
Crust and upper most rigid zone of the mantle are part of the
Lithosphere
The tectonic plates consisting of crust and upper rigid mantle
Lithosphere
This is beneath the Moho, the largest if the shells 84% of earths volume, has 3 sub layers
Mantle
Easily deformed weak sphere plastic layer. Underlies lithosphere. Very hot rock
Asthenosphere
This is beneath the mantle (molten liquid) and the magnetic field is primarily generated here
Outer core
The innermost portion of earth, very sense
Inner core
Makes up 15% if earths volume out together
Inner and outer core
Rock formed by solidification of molten magma, when magma cools
Igneous rock
Molten materials in earths interior
Magma
plutonic
Sedimentary
Volcanic
Metamorphic
Types of igneous rocks
Cooling of lava Below the earths surface . Granite is the most common type
Plutonic intrusive
High silica
Felic igneous rock
Light color
Granite (plutonic)
Consolidation of deposited particles, rocks formed of sediment that is consolidated by the pressure and celebration . Distinct layers are called strata
Sedimentary rocks
Molten rock ejected onto earths surface, solidifying quickly on open air most common basalt” - magic dark color low silica. Formed form the cooling of lava or bonding of pyroclastic materials in surface
Volcanic extrusive rocks
Heat and pressure act on existing igneous and sedimentary rocks, this rock was originally something else either ig or sed but has been drastically changed by massive forces of heat and pressure working on it from within earth.
Metamorphic rock
3 major rocks
Ig
Sed
Med
Molten rock flows out onto earth
Lava
Welding”” of tiny pieces of solid volcanic rock that have been explosive ejected out into the surface by a volcanic eruption.
Pyroclastics
Rocks contain large portions of dark colored silicate minerals like quarts and feld spar
Magic
Rocks contain large portions if light color silicate minerals such as olivine and pyroxene
Felsic
Part of the lithosphere
Has a base of Moho, mohorivicic discontinuity. 3x thicker under continents than under oceans. Less 1% earths volume.
The crust
Magma
Lava
Pyro classics
Felsic rocks ““mafic ““rocks
Igneous rocks
Small minerals, fins grained
Dark colored generally
Basalt most common
Extensive selfloor bedrock
Volcanic
Rock fragments Organic matter Transportation Deposition Stratification
Sedimentary
Heat from mantle deforms rocks with heat and pressure
Metamorphic
Boundary between earths crust and the mantle - a narrow zone with significant change in mineral decomposition.
Moho, mohorovicic discontinuity
What are the three zones within the mantle
Lithosphere
asthenosphere
mesosphere
Theory that proposed that the present continents were originally connected as one it two large land masses that have broken up and literally drifts apart over the last several million years
Continental drift
A coherent theory of massive crustal rearrangement based on the movement of continent sized lithospheric plates
Plate tectonics
Driving mechanism for plate tectonics within earths mantle
Plates move at varying rates from 1cm to 10cm per yr.
Convention cell
