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Ch 13-20 > Ch 15 > Flashcards

Ch 15 Flashcards

0
Q

lowering the surface of continent by weathering, mass wasting, and erosion. Disintegration wearing away and removal of rock material.

A

Denudation

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1
Q

The destiny of weathering

A

Carrying away by Erosion

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2
Q

Breaking down of rock into smaller components by atmosphere and biotic changes
Mechanical
Biological
Chemical

A

Weathering

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3
Q

Short distance down slope movement of broken rock material under influence of gravity.

A

Mass wasting

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4
Q

Extensive/distant removal, transportation deposition of fragmented rocks

A

Erosion

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5
Q

Weathering and mass wasting work together to ““they fragment the bedrock while weathering reduces the large rock into smaller more numerous units.

A

Shape the earths surface

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6
Q

The downslope movement of Rock materials that happens in two ways

  1. An open scar may be left in the surface that was vacated
  2. An accumulation of debris deposited somewhere downslope from the scar
A

Mass wasting

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7
Q

Types of weathering which occurs where the lithosphere and atmosphere meet

A

Mechanical

Chemical

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8
Q

Microscopic openings

Joints/faults/lava vesicles/solution cavities

A

Openings in rocks

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9
Q

Cracks from stress

A

Joints

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10
Q

Breaks in bedrock displacement

A

Faults

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11
Q

Small Holes

A

Lava vesicles

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12
Q

Holes in calcareous rocks

A

Solution cavities

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13
Q

Where they are numerous, they are arranged in sets each comprising a series of approximately parallel fractures

A

Joints

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14
Q

Two prominent sets of these intersect almost at right angles,

A

Joint system

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15
Q

Large joints or joint sets that extend for long distances and through a considerable thickness of rocks (functions as plain weakness)

A

Master joints

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16
Q

Physical disintegration of rock but no change in chemical composition / increases the surface area of chemical weathering

A

Mechanical weathering

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17
Q

Frozen water expands in wedges and breaks rock

A

Frost wedging

18
Q

Frost wedging
Salt wedging
Exfoliation

A

Mechanical weathering

19
Q

Less intense than frost. Growth of “ crystals in rock openings-granular disintegration. Pries open rocks grain by grain. Breaks snow.

A

Salt wedging

20
Q

Day to night (diurnal) changes. Winter to summer. (Seasonal) changes. Expansion when heated and contraction when cooled. Weakens coherence and breaks. Effective on high elevation mountains. Fires as well.

A

Temperature changes

21
Q

Curved layers peel off bedrock. -curved and concentric sets of joints&raquo_space; unloading and pressure release. Shells break away in succession like onion. Mainly in granite and related intrusive igneous rock.

A

Exfoliation

22
Q

Caused by atmospheric and biotic agents. Decomposition of rock by chemical alteration of its minerals. -enhanced by mechanical. Weakens coherence and loose particles.

A

Chemical weathering

23
Q

High rates in warm moist environments like the wet tropics

Low rates in cold lands and deserts

A

Chemical weathering

24
Q

Oxidation
Carbonation
Hydrolysis

A

Types of chemical weathering

25
Q

When oxygen dissolved in water comes Ono contact w: certain rock minerals the oxygen atoms combine w/atoms of various metallic elements making up the minerals in the rock and form new products. -iron oxide. RUST

A

Oxidation

26
Q

Reaction between carbon dioxide in water and carbonate rocks “limestone” to produce soluble product that can be reduced by runoff or percolation. Ex. Rockfall

A

Carbonation

27
Q

Chemical union of water w/another form of substance To produce new compound. Softer/weaker

A

Hydrolysis

28
Q

Root penetration
Organic acid
Gopher
Burrowing animals

A

Biological weathering

29
Q

Influenced by downslope steepness, gravity, angle of repose. Accumulation of weathered material. An facilitators.

A

Mass wasting

30
Q

Steepest angle without downslope transfer

A

Angle of repose

31
Q

Soil regolith fragmented rock added. undoes balance and friction causing things to go down faster. is called

A

Accumulation if weathered material

32
Q

Water and clay

Increase mobility and fluidity of an object up slope, calles

A

Facilitators

33
Q 
Landslide
Slope failure 
Heavy rains add weight
Earthquake 
Geological weakness (jointing) 
Rapid downslope movement 
Large rigid mass (no fluid flow) of weathered rock
A

Slides

34
Q

Slope failure as well.

Weathers debris rotates. Water saturation overland. (Concave.)

A

Slump

35
Q

Weathering to “” to “”

A

Mass wasting and erosion

36
Q

Fully water saturated weathered debris w/high clay fraction soil. Important catalyst

A

Flow

37
Q

Slowest moving. Can barely see it happening. We never know when it does. Entire slope included. Particle by particle movement under freezing to thawing conditions.

A

Creep

38
Q

A form of creep. Called soil flows he. Surface becomes saturated and heavy surface sags down slope slowly

A

Solifluction

39
Q

Big piece of rock

A

Talus

40
Q

Small piece of rock

A

Scree

41
Q

Dislodged rocks that become come shaped heaps as they collect in sloping

A

Talus cones

42
Q

Extremely slow flows of great masses of accumulated talus in rugged mountain areas

A

Rock glaciers

Ch 13-20 (8 decks)

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