Ch. 17 Sustainability

Question 1

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Answer 1

Sustainability

Question 2

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Department of Energy

Answer 2

set standards for energy efficient products (most energy-efficient = Energy Star)

Question 3

Includes:
- Purchasing energy-efficient equipment
- Heating and cooling equipment should be well insulated
- Using equipment properly
- Maintaining equipment
- Idling or turning off equipment when not in use

Answer 3

Energy conservation/management for foodservice equipment

Question 4

Use energy efficient light bulbs
- Replace incandescent with LEDs
Put in occupancy sensors
Install systems which adjust indoor lighting to ambient light coming in from the outside
Set up daylighting systems which harvest sunlight for indoor use

Answer 4

Energy conservation/management for lighting

Question 5

In most jurisdictions consumers pay for water three times

Answer 5

When it is purchased
To heat or cool it
To dispose of and treat wastewater

Question 6

Low flow valves in sinks
Sensor faucets
Low flow toilets
Hot water recirculating systems
Tankless water heaters

Answer 6

Ways to reduce water use

Question 7

A machine that uses large amounts of water as it grinds solid waste and discharges it into the sewer system
- Creates a burden on both water distribution systems and wastewater treatment
- New installations are banned in some cities; taxed heavily in others

Answer 7

garbage disposal

Question 8

A machine that grinds solid waste, then extracts the solids so that only the water is discharged into the sewer system
- Less impact on wastewater treatment, since solids are not put into the system
- Newer ones recirculate the water, so less water is sent to the treatment plant

Answer 8

pulper

Question 9

A device that is used in dishwashing areas of foodservice that sprays water on dirty dishes to remove waste that is left on plates, before the dishes are washed
- Newer versions are as effective at pre-rinsing as older models, but use about half of the water
- Often available at little or no cost to encourage water conservation

Answer 9

Prerinse nozzle

Question 10

With older dishwashers, always run them with full loads
Some newer models recirculate water
If buying a new dishwasher, Energy Star standards address both energy and water conservation
Energy-efficient booster heaters are ancillary to high temperature dishwashers

Answer 10

Warewashing

Question 11

Changes in packaging
Recycling
Food recovery

Answer 11

Waste Management:
Strategies to divert waste materials from landfills

Question 12

Use less packaging overall
By in bulk, not in PC containers
Choose reusable packaging
e.g. plastic milk crates
Specify packaging that is recyclable
e.g. cardboard
Specify compostable packaging
Made from organic materials such as rice

Answer 12

reducing use of raw materials through changes in packaging

Question 13

Changes waste materials into new products
- Paper, cardboard, glass, metals and some plastics can be recycled
- Batteries, toner cartridges, and electronics are also recyclable

Answer 13

Waste Management: Recycling

Question 14

1. Source reduction
2. Feed hungry people
3. Feed animals
4. Industrial Uses
5. Composting
6. Landfill/Incineration

Answer 14

Waste Management:
Food Recovery Hierarchy

Question 15

1. Conduct a waste audit to determine what and how much food is being wasted
2. Identify methods to reduce the waste which may include:
   Changing the menu
   Reducing portion size
   Better inventory management
   Improved production forecasting
   Repurposing excess food products

Answer 15

Source Reduction
(Food Recovery Hierarchy)

Question 16

1. When possible, donate food to food banks
2. Distribute perishable foods to nonprofits which feed hungry people in the local area
   - Bill Emerson Good Samaritan Food Donation Act
3. Track donations for use in future waste audits

Answer 16

Feed hungry people
(Food Recovery Hierarchy)

Question 17

Donations can be made directly to farmers
Donations can also be made to zoos
Food scraps can be used by producers of animal feed
Regulations for donating food scraps to feed animals vary form state to state

Answer 17

Feed animals
(Food Recovery Hierarchy)

Question 18

Food waste conversion technology uses anaerobic digestion to produce a soil amendment and biogas
Can be used for pre- and postconsumer food waste
Fats, oils, and grease can also be
Converted to biodiesel fuel
Can be used as ingredients for soap and cosmetics

Answer 18

Industrial Uses
(Food Recovery Hierarchy)

Question 19

The decomposition of organic material (such as plant and food waste) into a material that can be used either to enhance soil or as a fertilizer
- Plant material can be composted almost anywhere
- High protein food waste must be composted at rural sites because it attracts vermin (rodents)
- Biodegradable packaging and service ware may be compostable in some composting facilities

Answer 19

Composting
(Food Recovery Hierarchy)

Question 20

A site designated as a dumping area for waste generated by a community
- The remaining food waste can be diverted to the landfill after all the other food recovery strategies have been implemented
- Those strategies can reduce food waste in landfills by 80%

Answer 20

Landfill/Incineration
(Food Recovery Hierarchy)

Question 21

The geographic region from which a community is fed
- Advances in farming, transportation, food processing and refrigeration have made it possible for foods to be distributed all over the world
- Trend is to return to local sourcing of food

Answer 21

Foodshed

Question 22

Products, largely food, that have been certified by the USDA as meeting the standards sent by the National Organics Program
- Food production in this manner is environmentally friendly
- Since certification is expensive, some organic farmers are not able to label their products as certified organic

Answer 22

Organic

Question 23

Plants that have been created by transplanting a gene from a different species into the plant (via biotechnology)
- cannot be labeled organic
- can be engineered to resist cold and or drought
- herbicide-resistant crops decrease soil erosion and reduce the use of fossil fuels
- can and should be part of a sustainable foods system

Answer 23

Transgenic plants

Question 24

Area of concern regarding:
- Mistreatment of animals may compromise food safety
- Overuse of antibiotics in concentrated feeding operations leads to development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria

Answer 24

Animal welfare

Question 25

Eggs from hens not confined to cages

Answer 25

Cage-free eggs

Question 26

Eggs from hens with access to the outdoors

Answer 26

Free-range eggs

Question 27

May come from both traditional fisheries or from aquaculture

Answer 27

Sustainable seafood

Question 28

The farming, breeding, rearing, and harvesting of plants and animals in water environments
- Can take place in salt water or fresh water
- Half of the seafood consumed in the United States is farmed

Answer 28

Aquaculture

Question 29

Idea that farm workers should have a safe work environment and earn a competitive wage
- Outdoor workers require shade, adequate water, restroom facilities, etc.
- Exposure to pesticides should be limited
- Fair Trade Certification sets standards which allow farm workers to get a fair share of the benefits of trade

Answer 29

Social Justice

Question 30

Recycling programs
Zero-waste events
Meatless Mondays
Trayless Tuesdays
Farmer’s markets
Community supported agriculture (CSA)

Answer 30

Educational strategies for sustainability