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Seeley's AnP > Ch 17 Heart > Flashcards

Ch 17 Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the heart which helps to maintain homeostasis?

A

Routing blood
Generating blood pressure
Regulating blood supply
All of these are functions of the heart

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2
Q

The heart is located in the

A

Thoracic cavity between the lungs

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3
Q

The heart is surrounded by this sac

A

Pericardium

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4
Q

What membrane covers the surface of the heart?

A

Visceral pericardium

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5
Q

The heart wall is composed of three layers. Which of the following is NOT a layer of the heart wall?

A

Intercardium

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6
Q

What is the name of the heart wall layer that forms the inner surface of the heart chamber?

A

Endocardium

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7
Q

What are the muscular ridges that are found in the atria of the heart?

A

Pectinate muscles

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8
Q

The heart consists of

A

Two atria and two ventricles

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9
Q

What are the veins that carry blood to the heart?

A

Pulmonary veins
Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
All of these veins carry blood to the heart

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10
Q

What are the two arteries that carry blood away from the heart?

A

Pulmonary trunk and aorta

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11
Q

The right atrium receives blood from which of the following veins?

A

Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus
** All of these veins carry blood to the right atrium**

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12
Q

What are the blood vessels that carry blood to the left atrium?

A

Pulmonary veins

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13
Q

Which one of the following is a depression in the right atrium that was the former opening between
the left and right atria of the fetal heart?

A

Fossa ovalis

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14
Q

The left ventricle pumps blood into the

A

Aorta

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15
Q

What is the function of heart valves?

A

To prevent backflow of blood and ensure one-way flow of blood in the heart

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16
Q

Which of the following are heart valves?

A

Both the atrioventricular and semilunar valves

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17
Q

What is the name of the right atrioventricular valve?

A

Tricuspid valve

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18
Q

What is the name of the cone-shaped muscular pillars in the ventricles?

A

Papillary muscles

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19
Q

What are the string-like structures that attach the atrioventricular valves to the heart wall?

A

Chordae tendineae

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20
Q

Which semilunar valve separates the left ventricle and the aorta?

A

Aortic semilunar valve

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21
Q

When the ventricles contract

A

The atrioventicular valves close and the semilunar valves open

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22
Q 
Which of the following is the correct flow of blood as blood moves from the body, through the heart,
to the lungs?
1. Pulmonary semilunar valve
2. Pulmonary trunk
3. Right atrium
4. Right ventricle
5. Superior and inferior vena cava
6. Tricuspid valve
A

5,3,6,4,1,2

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23
Q 
Which of the following is the correct flow of blood as blood moves from the lungs, through the heart,
to the body?
1. Aortic semilunar valve
2. Aorta
3. Bicuspid valve
4. Left atrium
5. Left ventricle
6. Pulmonary veins
A

6,4,3,5,1,2

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24
Q

What two arteries do the left coronary artery branch into?

A

Anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries

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25
Q

What areas of the heart are supplied by the left coronary artery

A

Left atrium, left ventricle and right anterior ventricle

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26
Q

Blood is drained from the heart muscle by which of the following blood vessels?

A

Coronary sinus

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27
Q

What are the two myofilaments that are found in cardiac muscle?

A

Actin and fibrin
Fibrin and myosin
Actin and collagen
**None of the above are correct

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28
Q

Which of the following is NOT a part of the cardiac muscle action potential?

A

Depolarization
Plateau phase of repolarization
Final repolarization phase
All of these are part of the action potential in cardiac muscle

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29
Q

During depolarization, which of the following ion channels open?

A

Sodium

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30
Q

During depolarization,

A

Sodium channels open, potassium channels close and calcium channels open

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31
Q

During final repolarization,

A

Sodium channels close, potassium channels open and calcium channels close

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32
Q

Absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle extends from depolarization into the

A

Final repolarization phase

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33
Q

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

A

Sinoatrial node

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34
Q

When the SA node depolarizes and the heart contracts, which one of the following is directly
determined by the SA node?

A

Heart rate

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35
Q

What ion is primarily responsible for the depolarization of the SA node of the heart?

A

Calcium

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36
Q

When the SA node depolarizes, which of the following heart chambers contracts first?

A

Right and left atria

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37
Q

What part of the conducting system of the heart delays the transmission of the action potential to allow
the atria to contract before the ventricles?

A

AV node

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38
Q

Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures in the heart’s conducting system?

  1. AV bundles
  2. AV node
  3. Purkinje fibers
  4. SA node
A

4,2,1,3

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39
Q

Which one of the following conditions is life threatening?

A

Ventricular fibrillation

40
Q

Which one of the following conditions is a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute?

A

Bradycardia

41
Q

Which one of the following waves would be seen in a normal ECG?

A

wave
T wave
QRS complex
***All of the above would be seen in a normal ECG

42
Q

What wave of the ECG represents ventricular depolarization?

A

QRS complex

43
Q

What wave of the ECG represents ventricular repolarization?

44
Q

During the PR interval,

A

The atria contract

45
Q

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during ventricular systole?

  1. AV valves close
  2. Blood is ejected into the pulmonary trunk and aorta
  3. Semilunar valves open
  4. Ventricles begin to relax and enter into ventricular diastole
  5. Ventricles contract and blood pressure in ventricles increase
46
Q

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during ventricular diastole?

  1. When ventricular blood pressure becomes less than atrial pressure, AV valves open
  2. Atria contract and force their blood into the ventricles
  3. Semilunar valves close
  4. Ventricles relax and blood pressure in ventricles decreases
47
Q

Which one of the following events does NOT occur during ventricular systole?

A

Ventricular pressure increases
AV valves close
Semilunar valves open
**All of these events occur during ventricular systole

48
Q

Which one of the following events does NOT occur during ventricular diastole?

A

AV valves close

49
Q

Which one of the following is the highest blood pressure in the aorta?

A

Systolic pressure

50
Q

What is the approximate diastolic blood pressure in the aorta?

51
Q

Which of the following is responsible for the first heart sound of “lubb”?

A

Tricuspid valve closing

52
Q

Which of the following is responsible for the second heart sound of “dupp”?

A

Both the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves closing

53
Q

What is the cause of heart murmurs?

A

Faulty heart valves

54
Q

An incompetent bicuspid valve causes

A

Pulmonary edema

55
Q

The mean arterial pressure is determined by

A

MAP = CO X PR

56
Q

The cardiac output is affected by all of the following EXCEPT

A

*Peripheral resistance
Heart rate
Stroke volume
All of the above affect the cardiac output

57
Q

What is the law that states an increase in the resting length of a cardiac muscle fiber will result in a
greater force of contraction of a cardiac muscle fiber?

A

Starling’s law of the heart

58
Q

Which one of the following extrinsic factors decreases heart rate?

A

Parasympathetic stimulation

59
Q

Blood pressure is monitored in the aorta by pressure receptors called

A

Baroreceptors

60
Q

When blood pressure increases, which one of the following events occur?

A

Increased parasympathetic stimulation of heart with decreased heart rate

61
Q

Which one of the following is increased when the adrenal glands release epinephrine and
norepinephrine?

A

Heart rate
Stroke volume
Blood pressure
.*All of the above are increase with epinephrine and norepinephrine

62
Q

Which one of the following chemicals has no effect on the heart rate?

63
Q

What is the effect of a significant decrease in oxygen on the heart?

A

Increased heart rate

64
Q

What is the effect of increased oxygen on the heart?

A

No change in heart rate

65
Q

What is the effect of increased carbon dioxide on the heart?

A

Increased heart rate

66
Q

What is the effect of increased pH on the heart?

A

Decreased heart rate

67
Q

What is the effect of decreased potassium ion on the heart?

A

Decreased heart rate

68
Q

What is the effect of increased calcium ion on the heart?

A

Decreased heart rate

69
Q

What is the effect of decreased temperature on the heart?

A

Decreased heart rate

70
Q

Which one of the following is a change in the heart that is associated with age?

A

Hypertrophy of the heart

71
Q

Which one of the following is a change in the heart that is associated with age?

A

Arrhythmias of the heart
Decreased maximum heart rate
Decreased cardiac output
All of the above are seen in elderly people

72
Q

The heart forms a partition with the trachea and esophagus called the mediastinum.

73
Q

The heart is the size of your closed fist.

74
Q

The base of the heart is the rounded point of the lower heart.

75
Q

The auricles are the primary receiving chambers of the heart.

76
Q

The pulmonary trunk divides into the left and right pulmonary veins and carries blood to the
lungs.

77
Q

The atria are chambers that receive blood from the veins.

78
Q

The left and right ventricles are separated by the interatrial septum.

79
Q

The left atrioventricular valve is called the bicuspid or mitral valve.

80
Q

The heart is supplied with blood from the coronary sinuses

81
Q

The heart is supplied with blood from the blood that flows through it.

82
Q

Heart cells have specialized gap junctions between them called intercalated disks.

83
Q

Cardiac muscle contracts faster than skeletal muscle.

84
Q

The absolute refractory period is shorter in cardiac muscle than in skeletal muscle

85
Q

The heart can stimulate itself and contract at regular intervals which is called self-rhythmic.

86
Q

A heart rate over 100 beats per minute is called tachycardia.

87
Q

The electrical activity of the heart can be recorded in an EEG.

88
Q

The P wave of the ECG represents ventricular depolarization.

89
Q

Atrial diastole is the relaxation of the atria.

90
Q

During ventricular systole, the blood pressure in the ventricles decreases.

91
Q

The heart sounds are caused by the closure of heart valves.

92
Q

Stenosis is a swelling of a heart valve.

93
Q

A normal cardiac output is 25 L/min.

94
Q

Sympathetic stimulation of the heart increases heart rate and force of contraction

95
Q

Excitement, anger and anxiety will cause increased blood pressure.

Seeley's AnP (6 decks)

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