Ch 16 Blooood Flashcards
1
Q
Which of the following is NOT a function of the blood which helps to maintain homeostasis?
A
A. Transport of hormones and enzymes
B. Regulate pH
C. Synthesis of Vitamin D
D. Clot formation
2
Q
Blood is composed of
A
Formed elements and plasma
3
Q
Formed elements make up _____________of the blood.
A
45%
4
Q
The most abundant substance in blood is
A
Water
5
Q
What protein is foundinthe plasma?
A
Albumin
6
Q
Antibodies are a class of this type of blood protein.
A
Globulin
7
Q
Which of the following is NOT an example of a formed element
A
A.PlasmaB. Red blood cellC. Platelet D. White bloodcell
8
Q
Which of the following is the most numerous formed element
A
Red blood cell
9
Q
Which formed element is involved with immunity?
A
Leukocyte
10
Q
Which formed element transports oxygen and carbondioxide?
A
Erythrocyte
11
Q
Which formed element is a cell fragment?
A
Thrombocyte
12
Q
The process of blood cell production is called
A
Hematopoiesis
13
Q
In adults blood cell formationoccurs in the
A
Red bone marrow
14
Q
The stem cells of all formed elements is the
A
Hemocytoblast
15
Q
The development of each blood cell line is regulated by
A
Growthfactors
16
Q
Growthfactors for regeneration of red bone marrow are used to counter the effects of
A
Chemotherapy incancer treatmen
17
Q
A myeloblast differentiates into
A
A. Neutrophils B.Eosinophils C. Basophils D.All of the above are correct
18
Q
Red blood cells are
A
Biconcave
19
Q
Red blood cells live for approximately
A
120days
20
Q
One-third of the volume of the red blood cell is composed of what red pigmented protein?
A
Hemoglobin
21
Q
Hemoglobin is composed of
A
Both four polypeptides and four heme groups
22
Q
The heme group inred bloodcells contain this metal.
A
Iron
23
Q
Hemoglobin combines with __________and appears bright red in color.
A
Oxygen
24
Q
Red blood cells transport carbon dioxide boundtothe
A
Amino groups of the globin molecule
25
What percent of the oxygen is transported in the bodybyred blood cells?
98.5%
26
What percent of the carbondioxide is transported in the bodybyred bloodcells?
23%
27
In the red blood cells, carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid which dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. What enzyme is responsible for this reaction
Carbonic anhydrase
28
This cell is the product of erythropoiesis and is released into the blood as an immature red blood cell
Reticulocyte
29
Proerythroblasts differentiate into
Red blood cells
30
Which of the following is NOT required for normal red blood cell production bythe bone marrow?
A. Iron B. Folate C. Vitamin B12 **D.All of the above are needed for normal red blood cell production**
31
In response to low oxygen levels in the blood, the kidneys will release this glycoprotein
Erythropoietin
32
Old,abnormal or damaged red blood cells are removed from the bloodbymacrophages of which of the following organs?
Liver and spleen
33
Old heme molecules are removed from the body in the form of
Bile pigments in the feces
34
This formed element has a nucleus.
Leukocyte
35
Leukocytes lack
A. A nucleus B. Organelles C. Cytoplasm **D.Hemoglobin**
36
Which of the following is NOT an example of a white bloodcell?
A. Lymphocyte **B.Thrombocyte** C.Neutrophil D.Monocyte
37
Which of these leukocytes is an agranulocyte?
Monocyte
38
This white blood cell phagocytizes microorganisms and becomes a macrophage in the tissue.
Monocyte
39
This leukocyte is an example of a granulocyte.
Basophil
40
This white blood cell phagocytizes microorganisms.
Neutrophil
41
This is the accumulation of dead neutrophils, cell debris and fluid.
Pus
42
Which leukocyte has large granules that stain blue-purple?
Basophil
43
This leukocyte releases histamine and heparin.
Basophil
44
This leukocyte has granules that stain orange-red or bright red.
Eosinophil
45
This white blood cell attacks worm parasites.
Eosinophil
46
This leukocyte produces antibodies.
Lymphocyte
47
The precursor cells of platelets are the
Megakaryocytes
48
Which cell fragment is important in preventing blood loss?
Thrombocyte
49
Which of the following is involved in preventing blood loss?
A. Vascular spasm
B. Platelet plug
C. Blood clotting
**D. All of the above are involved in preventing blood loss**
50
Vascular spasm is a temporary change in the blood vessel which causes
Constriction
51
Vascular spasm can be caused by the release of ____________ from the platelets.
Thromboxane
52
Platelet plug is associated with
Platelet adhesion
53
What will stop blood loss from small tears in the blood vessels?
Platelet plugs
54
Aspirin inhibit the synthesis of
Thromboxane
55
When a blood vessel has a large tear and is severely damaged, which one of the following mechanisms is activated?
Blood clotting or coagulation
56
What structure contains a network of fibrin fiber that trap blood cells, platelets and fluid?
Blood clot
57
Blood clotting requires the presence of these proteins in the blood.
Clotting factors
58
Damage to the tissue may activate this pathway of blood clotting.
Extrinsic pathway
59
Damage to a blood vessel may activate this pathway of blood clotting.
Damage to a blood vessel may activate this pathway of blood clotting.
60
This pathway of blood clotting involves factor X, factor V, platelet phospholipids and Ca2+.
Common pathway
61
The formation of a blood clot is dependent on the synthesis of
Fibrin
62
Blood clotting requires
A. Thrombin
B. Fibrinogen
C. Fibrin
**D. All of the above are required for blood clotting**
63
The human body produces a number of anticoagulants. Which one of the following is an anticoagulant?
Heparin
64
An attached blood clot that forms inside of a blood vessel due to damaged blood vessel or heart wall is
called a/an
Thrombus
65
A floating blood clot that breaks loose from inside a blood vessel is called a/an
Embolus
66
Which of the following is NOT an anticoagulant used to treat blood clots?
A. Heparin
B. Coumadin
**C. Warfarin**
D. All of the following are anticoagulants
67
The contracting of a blood clot after it formation is called
Clot retraction
68
The squeezing out of plasma without the clotting factor during clot retraction results in the formation
of a liquid called
Serum
69
The dissolving of a blood clot after it forms is called
Fibrolysis
70
Which enzyme dissolves a blood clot?
Plasmin
71
A treatment for blood loss is
Both transfusions and infusions can be used to treat blood loss
72
A transfusion reaction is the result of
A. Antigen and antibody reactions
B. Agglutination
C. Hemolysis
**D. All of the above cause a transfusion reaction**
73
Which of the following is the antigen that is found on the surface of RBCs with blood type B?
B antigen
74
Which of the following is the antibody that is found in the plasma of blood type AB?
Neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies
75
Which of the following is the antibody that is found in the plasma of blood type A?
Anti-B antibody
76
A person with blood type A can receive a transfusion with this type of blood.
Either A or O blood types
77
A person with blood type O can receive a transfusion with this type of blood.
O blood type
78
A person who is AB negative is
Type AB and Rh-negative
79
When an Rh-negative mother has a second Rh-positive fetus, the fetus may develop this condition.
Erythroblastosis fetalis
80
Hemolytic disease of the newborn can be prevented by giving an Rh-negative mother what type of
antibody injection?
RhoGAM
81
To prevent transfusion reaction, the donor's and recipient's blood must be
Crossmatched
82
his is a condition that is associated with decreased hemoglobin or RBCs or both.
Anemia
83
A red blood cell count can be used to determine
Both erythrocytosis and anemia
84
Anemia can be caused by a deficiency in one of the following substances?
A. Iron
B. Folate
C. Vitamin B12
**D. All of the above are correct**
85
This test is the measure of the percentage of the total blood volume that is RBCs.
Hematocrit
86
Which of the following conditions is caused by a decrease in WBCs.
Leukopenia
87
This is cancer of white blood cells.
Leukemia
88
Which of the following bleeding conditions is caused by a decrease in platelets.
Thrombocytopenia
89
Blood is a type of epithelial tissue.
FALSE
90
Serum is plasma without clotting factors.
TRUE
91
The formed elements are erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes.
TRUE
92
Hematopoiesis is stimulated by platelet release of erythropoietin.
FALSE
93
Monoblasts differentiate into monocytes.
TRUE
94
During differentiation red blood cell lose their nucleus and most of their organelles.
TRUE
95
When hemoglobin loses oxygen, blood appears dark red.
TRUE
96
The production of red blood cells is called leukopoiesis.
FALSE
97
The blood marrow requires 40 days to produce a single red blood cell.
FALSE
98
The bone marrow will increase red blood cell production in response to high blood oxygen levels.
FALSE
99
ncreased destruction of red blood cells can lead to a yellowish staining of the skin called jaundice.
TRUE
100
Eosinophils release histamine and heparin.
FALSE
101
Lymphocytes are phagocytes.
FALSE
102
Monocytes are a form of agranulocytes.
TRUE
103
Blood clotting is caused by megakaryocytes.
FALSE
104
Endothelin causes vascular spasms.
TRUE
105
Blood clots are formed from fibrin.
TRUE
106
When damaged tissue releases thromboplastin, this will activate the intrinsic pathway of blood
clotting.
FALSE
107
Both streptokinase and t-PA are used to treat heart attacks by dissolving blood clots.
TRUE
108
Hemolysis is the rupture of red blood cells.
TRUE
109
A person with blood type O has no anti-A or anti-B antibodies.
FALSE
110
The largest percentage of people are of blood type AB.
FALSE
111
A person with blood type AB can receive any blood type.
TRUE
112
A person with AB blood type is called a universal donor.
FALSE
113
A complete blood count (CBC) consists of a red and white blood cell counts, analysis of hemoglobin and hematocrit and a differential white blood cell count.
TRUE
114
Hemophilia is a genetic disease that cause abnormal or the loss of blood clotting.
TRUE
115
Prothrombin time is a measure of how long it takes for blood to start to clot.
TRUE
116
In response to low oxygen levels in the blood, the kidneys will release this glycoprotein.
Erythropoietin
